Longer Fiction or Drama III · ⁨النثر الطويل أو المسرحية III⁩

Enduring Understanding (CHR-1): Characters in literature allow readers to study and explore a range of values, beliefs, assumptions, biases, and cultural norms represented by those characters.

Learning Objective 1.B: Explain the function of a character changing or remaining unchanged.

• CHR-1.AE Minor characters often remain unchanged because the narrative doesn’t focus on them. They may only be part of the narrative to advance the plot or to interact with major characters.
• CHR-1.AF Readers’ interpretations of a text are often affected by a character changing—or not—and the meaning conveyed by such changes or lack thereof.

Enduring Understanding (CHR-1): Characters in literature allow readers to study and explore a range of values, beliefs, assumptions, biases, and cultural norms represented by those characters.

Learning Objective 1.E: Explain how a character’s own choices, actions, and speech reveal complexities in that character, and explain the function of those complexities.

• CHR-1.AG A character’s responses to the resolution of the narrative—in their words or in their actions—reveal something about that character’s own values; these responses may be inconsistent with the previously established behaviors or perspectives of that character.
• CHR-1.AH Inconsistencies and unexpected developments in a character affect readers’ interpretation of that character; other characters; events in the plot; conflicts; the perspective of the narrator, character, or speaker; and/or setting.

Enduring Understanding (STR-1): The arrangement of the parts and sections of a text, the relationship of the parts to each other, and the sequence in which the text reveals information are all structural choices made by a writer that contribute to the reader’s interpretation of a text.

Learning Objective 3.E: Explain the function of a significant event or related set of significant events in a plot.

• STR-1.AI Significant events often illustrate competing value systems that relate to a conflict present in the text.
• STR-1.AJ Events in a plot collide and accumulate to create a sense of anticipation and suspense.

Enduring Understanding (STR-1): The arrangement of the parts and sections of a text, the relationship of the parts to each other, and the sequence in which the text reveals information are all structural choices made by a writer that contribute to the reader’s interpretation of a text.

Learning Objective 3.F: Explain the function of conflict in a text.

• STR-1.AK The resolution of the anticipation, suspense, or central conflicts of a plot may be referred to as the moment of catharsis or emotional release.
• STR-1.AL Sometimes things not actually shown in a narrative, such as an unseen character or a preceding action, may be in conflict with or result in conflict for a character.
• STR-1.AM Although most plots end in resolution of the central conflicts, some have unresolved endings, and the lack of resolution may contribute to interpretations of the text.

Enduring Understanding (NAR-1): A narrator’s or speaker’s perspective controls the details and emphases that affect how readers experience and interpret a text.

Learning Objective 4.C: Identify and describe details, diction, or syntax in a text that reveal a narrator’s or speaker’s perspective.

• NAR-1.X Multiple, and even contrasting, perspectives can occur within a single text and contribute to the complexity of the text.
• NAR-1.Y A narrator or speaker may change over the course of a text as a result of actions and interactions.
• NAR-1.Z Changes and inconsistencies in a narrator’s or speaker’s perspective may contribute to irony or the complexity of the text.

Enduring Understanding (LAN-1): Readers establish and communicate their interpretations of literature through arguments supported by textual evidence.

Learning Objective 7.B: Develop a thesis statement that conveys a defensible claim about an interpretation of literature and that may establish a line of reasoning.

• LAN-1.D A thesis statement expresses an interpretation of a literary text, and requires a defense, through use of textual evidence and a line of reasoning, both of which are explained in an essay through commentary.
• LAN-1.E A thesis statement may preview the development or line of reasoning of an interpretation. This is not to say that a thesis statement must list the points of an interpretation, literary elements to be analyzed, or specific evidence to be used in the argument.

Enduring Understanding (LAN-1): Readers establish and communicate their interpretations of literature through arguments supported by textual evidence.

Learning Objective 7.C: Develop commentary that establishes and explains relationships among textual evidence, the line of reasoning, and the thesis.

• LAN-1.F A line of reasoning is the logical sequence of claims that work together to defend the overarching thesis statement.
• LAN-1.G A line of reasoning is communicated through commentary that explains the logical relationship between the overarching thesis statement and the claims/evidence within the body of an essay.
• LAN-1.U More sophisticated literary arguments may explain the significance or relevance of an interpretation within a broader context, discuss alternative interpretations of a text, or use relevant analogies to help an audience better understand an interpretation.

Enduring Understanding (LAN-1): Readers establish and communicate their interpretations of literature through arguments supported by textual evidence.

Learning Objective 7.D: Select and use relevant and sufficient evidence to both develop and support a line of reasoning.

• LAN-1.H Writers use evidence strategically and purposefully to illustrate, clarify, exemplify, associate, amplify, or qualify a point.
• LAN-1.I Evidence is effective when the writer of the essay uses commentary to explain a logical relationship between the evidence and the claim.
• LAN-1.J Evidence is sufficient when its quantity and quality provide apt support for the line of reasoning.
• LAN-1.K Developing and supporting an interpretation of a text is a recursive process; an interpretation can emerge from analyzing evidence and then forming a line of reasoning, or the interpretation can emerge from forming a line of reasoning and then identifying relevant evidence to support that line of reasoning.