Craft and Structure · 构思与结构
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| contrast/ˈkɒntræst/ | 对比 | duì bǐ |
| qualify/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ | 限定 | xiàn dìng |
A decision before an answer
- Two researchers describe the same result: one calls it promising, the other calls it preliminary. They need not disagree about the numbers.
- Your goal: Determine words in context.
答案前的判断
- 两位研究者描述了同一结果：一位称其前景乐观，另一位称其为初步结果。他们无需在数据上存在分歧。
- 你的目标：根据上下文确定词义。
Read the relationship
- Replace a tested word with your own plain phrase before viewing options. The sentence controls the meaning.
- Analyse text structure and purpose.
阅读关系
- 在被测试的单词处替换为你自己的通俗短语，然后再查看选项。句子的结构控制着含义。
- 分析文本结构和目的。
A result is described as tentative. This most nearly means:
Tentative conclusions remain open to revision.
Use the defining rule
- Find what a sentence does: presents evidence, qualifies a claim, explains a method or introduces a contrast.
- Compare related texts and viewpoints.
运用定义规则
- 找出句子所起的作用：呈现证据、限定主张、解释方法或引入对比。
- 比较相关文本和观点。
“However, the sample was small” chiefly does what?
However signals a contrast or qualification.
Check the conditions
- Separate the author’s view from a quoted view. Reporting a claim does not always endorse it.
- Compare related texts and viewpoints.
Text 1: A small trial suggests the filter could help. Text 2: The trial is too small to establish effectiveness. Both allow that the trial is limited. Text 2 is more cautious about the conclusion; it does not say the filter certainly fails.
检查条件
- 区分作者的观点与被引用的观点。转述一个主张并不总是代表赞同它。
- 比较相关文本和观点。
文本 1：一项小型试验表明该过滤器可能有所帮助。文本 2：该试验规模太小，无法确立有效性。两者都承认该试验存在局限性。文本 2 对结论持更谨慎的态度；它并未声称该过滤器肯定无效。
A statement limiting another claim is a ____.
It states where or how far the claim applies.
Apply the task format
- Cross-text questions ask about a relationship. Identify the exact point of agreement or disagreement, not the shared topic.
- Compare related texts and viewpoints.
The everyday meaning of a word may differ from its meaning in the supplied sentence.
应用题目格式
- 跨文本问题涉及文本间的关系。请准确找出同意或反对的具体点，而非仅仅是共同的主题。
- 比较相关文本和观点。
单词的日常含义可能与它在所给句子中的含义不同。
Which answer fits this case?
Determine words in context
Two texts about one topic must have the same conclusion.
Their evidence or interpretations may differ.
Keep the distinctions
- qualify 限定 — To limit or make a claim more precise.
- contrast 对比 — A relationship showing a difference.
- Determine words in context.
- Analyse text structure and purpose.
- Compare related texts and viewpoints.
保持区别
- qualify 限定 — 限制或使主张更加精确。
- contrast 对比 — 显示差异的关系。
- 根据上下文确定词义。
- 分析文本结构和目的。
- 比较相关文本和观点。
Match each term with its precise meaning in this lesson.
Keep the distinctions stated in the teaching example.
Put this lesson’s reasoning or event sequence in order.
The order follows the stated process; check each stage before the next.