Automated systems · 自动化系统
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| automated system/ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈsɪstəm/ | 自动化系统 | zì dòng huà xì tǒng |
| sensor/ˈsensə/ | 传感器 | chuán gǎn qì |
| microprocessor/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə/ | 微处理器 | wēi chǔ lǐ qì |
| actuator/ˈæktʃuːeɪtə/ | 执行器 | zhí xíng qì |
| feedback loop/ˈfiːdbæk luːp/ | 反馈回路 | fǎn kuì huí lù |
Machines that run themselves
- An automated system 自动化系统 senses and responds to its environment with no human intervention.
- Examples: central heating, a greenhouse, a car-park barrier.
- Three parts work together in a repeating loop.
自己运行的机器
- 一个自动化系统(automated system)感测并响应它的环境,没有人类干预。
- 例子:中央供暖、一个温室、一个停车场栏杆。
- 三个部件在一个重复的循环中一起工作。
Sensors 传感器, microprocessors 微处理器 and actuators 执行器
- A sensor measures a physical quantity (temperature, light) and sends the data.
- A microprocessor compares the data with stored values and makes a decision.
- An actuator receives a signal and causes an action (opening a valve or window).
- The loop: sensor → microprocessor (compare with stored value) → actuator → the change is sensed again.
A sensor feeds the microprocessor, which compares the reading with a stored value and signals an actuator; the loop then repeats.
传感器、微处理器和执行器
- 一个传感器(sensor)测量一个物理量(温度、光)并发送数据。
- 一个微处理器(microprocessor)把数据与存储的值比较并做出一个决定。
- 一个执行器(actuator)接收一个信号并引起一个动作(打开一个阀门或窗户)。
- 循环:传感器 → 微处理器(与存储的值比较)→ 执行器 → 改变被再次感测。
一个传感器给微处理器供给数据,微处理器把读数与一个存储的值比较并给一个执行器发信号;然后循环重复。
An automated control loop · 一个自动化控制回路
Tap round the loop. An automated system senses, compares against a target, then acts — and because the action changes what it senses, it keeps correcting itself with no human needed. · 点一圈这个回路。一个自动化系统感测、与一个目标比较,然后行动——而因为动作改变它所感测的,它在不需要人的情况下不断自我纠正。
An automated system is one that: · 一个自动化系统是以下的系统:
Automated systems work on their own, sensing data and acting on it. · 自动化系统自己工作,感测数据并对它采取行动。
In an automated system, the microprocessor: · 在一个自动化系统中,微处理器:
The microprocessor decides; the sensor measures and the actuator acts. · 微处理器决定;传感器测量,执行器行动。
Match each part of an automated system to its role. · 把一个自动化系统的每个部件匹配到它的角色。
Sensor measures, microprocessor decides, actuator acts — the loop runs without a person. · 传感器测量,微处理器决定,执行器行动——回路在没有人的情况下运行。
Put the steps of the control loop in order. · 把控制回路的步骤按顺序排列。
Sensor → microprocessor compares → actuator acts; then the change is sensed again. · 传感器 → 微处理器比较 → 执行器行动;然后改变被再次感测。
Advantages and disadvantages
- Advantages: work all day without rest, faster and more consistent than people, can work in unsafe places, fewer human mistakes.
- Disadvantages: expensive to set up, can break down (expert repair), may replace jobs, and can't easily react to a situation they weren't built for.
A camera drone: it can fly itself along a set route to collect data
优点和缺点
- 优点:整天工作不休息,比人更快、更一致,能在不安全的地方工作,更少的人为错误。
- 缺点:设置昂贵,能出故障(需专家维修),可能取代工作,且不能轻易对它们不是为之建造的情况做出反应。
一架相机无人机:它能沿一条设定的路线自己飞行以收集数据
Automated systems can work 24/7 consistently and safely in dangerous places, but they cost more to set up and cope badly with unexpected situations. · 自动化系统能全天候一致地、安全地在危险的地方工作,但它们设置成本更高,且糟糕地应对意外的情况。
Consistency and safety are the strengths; setup cost and inflexibility (no judgement for the unexpected) are the trade-offs. · 一致性和安全是强项;设置成本和不灵活(对意外没有判断力)是权衡。
Sensors and feedback
- An automated system uses sensors to monitor conditions and a microprocessor to decide what to do.
- A feedback loop 反馈回路 lets it adjust automatically, like a thermostat holding a temperature.
传感器与反馈
- 一个自动化系统使用传感器来监测条件,使用一个微处理器来决定做什么。
- 一个反馈回路(feedback loop)让它自动调整,像一个恒温器保持一个温度。
You've got it
- an automated system runs with no human intervention
- sensor (measures) → microprocessor (compares with stored value, decides) → actuator (acts)
- pros: 24/7, consistent, safe in dangerous places; cons: costly, can't handle the unexpected
你掌握了
- 一个自动化系统在没有人类干预的情况下运行
- 传感器(测量)→ 微处理器(与存储的值比较,决定)→ 执行器(动作)
- 优点:全天候、一致、在危险的地方安全;缺点:昂贵、不能处理意外