Alcohols · 醇
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| alcohols/ˈælkəhɒlz/ | 醇 | chún |
| hydroxyl/haɪˈdrɒksɪl/ | 羟基 | qiǎng jī |
| ethanol/ˈeθənɒl/ | 乙醇 | yǐ chún |
| fermentation/fɜːmənˈteɪʃn/ | 发酵 | fā jiào |
| carboxylic acids/ˌkɑːbəkˈsɪlɪk ˈæsɪdz/ | 羧酸 | suō suān |
From drinks to fuel
- The alcohol in drinks, the fuel in some cars, the solvent in hand gel — all are alcohols 醇.
- They are a homologous series with the –OH functional group.
从饮料到燃料
- 饮料中的酒精、一些汽车中的燃料、洗手凝胶中的溶剂——全都是醇(alcohols)。
- 它们是一个有 –OH 官能团的同系列。
The functional group of the alcohols is: · 醇的官能团是:
Alcohols contain the hydroxyl –OH group. · 醇含有羟基 –OH 基团。
The hydroxyl functional group is written as –. · 羟基官能团写作 –。
Alcohols contain –OH. · 醇含有 –OH。
The alcohol family
- Alcohols contain the hydroxyl 羟基 (–OH) functional group.
- Examples: methanol (CH₃OH), ethanol 乙醇 (C₂H₅OH).
Alcohols share the –OH (hydroxyl) functional group, as in ethanol
醇族
- 醇含有羟基(–OH)(hydroxyl)官能团。
- 例子:甲醇(CH₃OH)、乙醇(C₂H₅OH)。
醇类共享 –OH(羟基)官能团,如乙醇
Making ethanol by fermentation · 通过发酵制造乙醇
Step through fermentation. Yeast turns sugar into ethanol with no air — the same alcohol can then be oxidised to vinegar. · 逐步看发酵。酵母在没有空气的情况下把糖变成乙醇——同样的醇随后能被氧化成醋。
Ethanol can be made by the fermentation of sugars using: · 乙醇能用以下对糖发酵制造:
Yeast ferments sugars to ethanol. · 酵母把糖发酵成乙醇。
Which are uses of ethanol? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是乙醇的用途?(选择所有适用的。)
Ethanol is a fuel, solvent and the alcohol in drinks. · 乙醇是一种燃料、溶剂以及饮料中的酒精。
Making and using ethanol
- Ethanol can be made by fermentation 发酵 of sugars by yeast, or from ethene.
- It is used as a fuel, a solvent, and in alcoholic drinks.
制造和使用乙醇
- 乙醇能由酵母对糖的发酵(fermentation)制造,或从乙烯制造。
- 它被用作燃料、溶剂,以及在酒精饮料中。
Ethanol can be oxidised to: · 乙醇能被氧化成:
Ethanol → ethanoic acid (as in vinegar). · 乙醇 → 乙酸(如醋中所示)。
Reactions of alcohols
- Alcohols burn in oxygen (combustion), releasing energy.
- They can be oxidised to carboxylic acids 羧酸 (e.g. ethanol → ethanoic acid, as in vinegar).
Worked example. Leave wine open to the air and the ethanol slowly oxidises to ethanoic acid — which is why old wine tastes of vinegar. Alcohols oxidise to carboxylic acids.
醇的反应
- 醇在氧中燃烧(燃烧),释放能量。
- 它们能被氧化成羧酸(carboxylic acids)(例如乙醇 → 乙酸,如醋中所示)。
例题。 把葡萄酒敞开在空气中,乙醇慢慢氧化成乙酸——这就是为什么陈酒尝起来有醋味。醇氧化成羧酸。
You've got it
- alcohols have the –OH functional group (e.g. ethanol, methanol)
- ethanol is made by fermentation and used as fuel, solvent and in drinks
- alcohols burn and can be oxidised to carboxylic acids
你掌握了
- 醇有 –OH 官能团(例如乙醇、甲醇)
- 乙醇由发酵制造,被用作燃料、溶剂以及在饮料中
- 醇燃烧并能被氧化成羧酸