Climate change and air quality · 气候变化与空气质量
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| greenhouse gases/ˈɡriːnhaʊs ˈɡæsɪz/ | 温室气体 | wēn shì qì tǐ |
| global warming/ˈɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ | 全球变暖 | quán qiú biàn nuǎn |
| catalytic converters/ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk kənˈvɜːtəz/ | 催化转化器 | cuī huà zhuǎn huà qì |
The air and the climate
- The gases we add to the air don't just harm health — they change the climate and create acid rain.
- Two big issues are the greenhouse effect and acid rain.
空气与气候
- 我们加到空气中的气体不只伤害健康——它们改变气候并制造酸雨。
- 两个大问题是温室效应(greenhouse effect)和酸雨(acid rain)。
Climate and air quality route · 气候与空气质量路径
Trace emissions from combustion to atmospheric effects. · 追踪燃烧产生的微量排放物对大气的影响。
Which are greenhouse gases? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是温室气体？（选择所有适用项。）
CO₂ and methane trap heat; nitrogen and oxygen do not. · CO₂ 和甲烷会锁住热量；氮气和氧气不会。
Greenhouse gases cause global warming by: · 温室气体通过以下方式导致全球变暖：
They trap outgoing heat. · 它们会锁住向外辐射的热量。
The greenhouse effect
- Greenhouse gases 温室气体 (carbon dioxide, methane) trap heat in the atmosphere.
- Rising levels from burning fossil fuels cause global warming 全球变暖 and climate change.
Burning fossil fuels pollutes the air and changes the climate
温室效应
- 温室气体(greenhouse gases,二氧化碳、甲烷)在大气中困住热。
- 来自燃烧化石燃料的上升水平造成全球变暖(global warming)和气候变化。
燃烧化石燃料污染空气并改变气候
Acid rain is caused mainly by: · 酸雨主要是由：
These gases dissolve to form acids in rain. · 这些气体会溶解在雨中形成酸。
Acid rain
- Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in rain to form acids.
- Acid rain damages buildings, harms trees, and acidifies lakes.
酸雨
- 二氧化硫和氮氧化物溶解在雨中形成酸。
- 酸雨破坏建筑、伤害树木,并酸化湖泊。
Using renewable energy reduces greenhouse-gas emissions. · 使用可再生能源可减少温室气体排放。
It avoids burning fossil fuels. · 这避免了燃烧化石燃料。
Cars use a catalytic ______ to reduce harmful exhaust gases. · 汽车使用催化______来减少有害废气。
Catalytic converters cut pollutants like CO and nitrogen oxides. · 催化转化器可降低 CO 和氮氧化物等污染物。
Reducing the harm
- Greenhouse gases: use renewable energy, burn less fossil fuel, plant trees.
- Acid rain: remove sulfur from fuels, use catalytic converters 催化转化器 in cars.
Worked example. A power station burning coal releases CO₂ (greenhouse gas) and SO₂ (acid rain). Switching to renewable energy and "scrubbing" the SO₂ from waste gases tackles both problems at once.
Inside a catalytic converter a honeycomb coated with catalyst metals gives a huge surface area to clean the exhaust gases
减少危害
- 温室气体:使用可再生能源、少烧化石燃料、种树。
- 酸雨:从燃料中移除硫、在汽车中使用催化转化器。
例题。 一座燃煤的发电站释放 CO₂(温室气体)和 SO₂(酸雨)。切换到可再生能源并从废气中"洗涤"SO₂ 一次解决两个问题。
在一个催化转化器内,涂有催化剂金属的蜂窝提供巨大的表面积来净化废气
You've got it
- greenhouse gases (CO₂, methane) trap heat → global warming
- sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain
- reduce harm with renewables, less fossil fuel, catalytic converters and removing sulfur
你掌握了
- 温室气体(CO₂、甲烷)困住热 → 全球变暖
- 二氧化硫和氮氧化物造成酸雨
- 用可再生能源、更少化石燃料、催化转化器和移除硫减少危害