Properties of metals · 金属的性质
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| conductors/kənˈdʌktəz/ | 导体 | dǎo tǐ |
| malleable/ˈmæləbl/ | 可延展的 | kě yán zhǎn de |
| ductile/ˈdʌktaɪl/ | 可拉成丝的 | kě lā chéng sī de |
What makes a metal a metal
- Metals share a family of useful properties — which is why we build with them and wire our homes with them.
- These properties all come from metallic bonding.
是什么使一种金属成为金属
- 金属共享一族有用的性质——这就是为什么我们用它们建造并用它们给我们的家布线。
- 这些性质都来自金属键合。
Metal property lab · 金属性质实验
Link metal properties to the particle model. · 将金属性质与微粒模型联系起来。
Metals conduct electricity because they have: · 金属能导电是因为它们拥有：
Mobile electrons carry the current. · 移动的电子携带电流。
A metal that can be drawn into a wire is described as: · 能被拉成丝的金属被称为：
Ductile means it can be drawn into wires. · 延展性意味着它可以被拉成丝。
A metal that can be hammered into shape is described as ______. · 能被锤打成形的金属被称为 ______。
Malleable metals can be shaped without breaking. · 具有可锻性的金属可以在不断裂的情况下塑形。
Physical properties
- Metals are good conductors 导体 of electricity and heat (free electrons).
- They are shiny, malleable 可延展的 (can be hammered into shape) and ductile 可拉成丝的 (drawn into wires).
Metallic bonding: a lattice of positive ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
物理性质
- 金属是电和热的好导体(自由电子)。
- 它们有光泽、可锻(malleable,能被锤成形状)且可延展(ductile,被拉成线)。
金属键:正离子的晶格处在离域电子的海洋中
Metallic bonding · 金属键
Positive ions sit in a sea of delocalised electrons — that is why metals conduct and bend. Push the layers and the bond holds. · 正离子沉浸在自由电子的海洋中——这就是金属导电和延展的原因。推动各层时，金属键仍能保持连接。
Which are typical properties of metals? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是金属的典型性质？（选择所有适用项。）
Metals are good electrical conductors, not poor ones. · 金属是良好的电导体，而非不良导体。
Most metals have high melting points. · 大多数金属具有较高的熔点。
Strong metallic bonding gives high melting points. · 强的金属键导致高熔点。
Strength and melting points
- Most metals are strong with high melting points.
- The strong attraction between metal ions and the electron sea explains this.
强度和熔点
- 大多数金属强,有高熔点。
- 金属离子和电子海之间的强吸引解释这个。
Chemical properties
- Many metals react with oxygen, water and acids.
- More reactive metals react more vigorously.
Worked example. Copper is used in wires because it conducts electricity (free electrons) and is ductile (drawn into thin wires). Both properties come from metallic bonding.
化学性质
- 许多金属与氧、水和酸反应。
- 更活泼的金属反应更剧烈。
例题。 铜被用于导线,因为它导电(自由电子)且可延展(被拉成细线)。两种性质都来自金属键合。
You've got it
- metals conduct heat and electricity, are shiny, malleable and ductile
- most are strong with high melting points (strong metallic bonding)
- their properties come from a lattice of ions in a sea of free electrons
你掌握了
- 金属导热和电,有光泽、可锻且可延展
- 大多数强,有高熔点(强的金属键合)
- 它们的性质来自在一片自由电子海中的离子晶格