Transition elements · 过渡元素
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| transition elements/trænˈsɪʃn ˈelɪmənts/ | 过渡元素 | guò dù yuán sù |
| catalysts/ˈkætəlɪsts/ | 催化剂 | cuī huà jì |
| variable charges/ˈveərɪəbl ˈtʃɑːdʒɪz/ | 可变电荷 | kě biàn diàn hè |
The metals in the middle
- The big block of metals in the centre of the table includes iron, copper and gold.
- These are the transition elements 过渡元素, with their own special properties.
中间的金属
- 表中央的大块金属包括铁、铜和金。
- 这些是过渡元素(transition elements),有它们自己的特殊性质。
Transition element lab · 过渡元素实验
Match transition-metal properties to real examples. · 将过渡金属的性质与实际例子对应起来。
Which are properties of transition metals? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些是过渡金属的性质？（选择所有适用项。）
They are dense, not low-density. · 它们是致密的，而非低密度。
Transition metals are less reactive than Group I metals. · 过渡金属不如第 I 族金属活泼。
They are much less reactive than the alkali metals. · 它们的反应性远低于碱金属。
Properties of transition metals
- They are hard, strong, dense, with high melting points.
- They are far less reactive than the Group I metals.
The transition metals form the central block of the periodic table
过渡金属的性质
- 它们硬、强、致密,有高熔点。
- 它们比第 I 族金属不那么活泼得多。
过渡金属构成周期表的中央区块
Many transition metals are useful as: · 许多过渡金属可用作：
E.g. iron catalyses the Haber process. · 例如，铁催化哈伯法合成氨。
Unlike most other metals, transition-metal compounds are often ______. · 与大多数其他金属不同，过渡金属化合物通常呈 ______。
E.g. blue copper sulfate. · 例如，蓝色的硫酸铜。
Coloured and catalytic
- Their compounds are often coloured (e.g. blue copper sulfate, green iron compounds).
- Many are useful catalysts 催化剂 (e.g. iron in the Haber process).
有色和催化
- 它们的化合物常常是有色的(例如蓝色硫酸铜、绿色铁化合物)。
- 许多是有用的催化剂(例如哈伯过程中的铁)。
Transition metals can form ions with: · 过渡金属可以形成带：
E.g. iron forms Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺. · 例如，铁可形成 Fe²⁺ 和 Fe³⁺。
Variable charges 可变电荷
- Transition metals can form ions with different charges (e.g. iron as Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺).
- This is unlike Group I or II metals, which have a single fixed charge.
Transition metals differ from Group I in every way. They are harder, denser, much less reactive, form coloured compounds, and act as catalysts — the opposite of the soft, reactive Group I metals.
可变电荷
- 过渡金属能形成带不同电荷的离子(例如铁作为 Fe²⁺ 或 Fe³⁺)。
- 这不像第 I 或 II 族金属,它们有一个单一固定的电荷。
过渡金属在各方面都与第 I 族不同。 它们更硬、更致密、活泼性低得多、形成有色化合物,并充当催化剂——与软的、活泼的第 I 族金属相反。
You've got it
- transition elements are hard, strong, dense, with high melting points
- they form coloured compounds and act as catalysts
- they have variable charges (e.g. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺), unlike Group I/II
你掌握了
- 过渡元素硬、强、致密,有高熔点
- 它们形成有色化合物并充当催化剂
- 它们有可变电荷(例如 Fe²⁺ 和 Fe³⁺),不像第 I/II 族