Preparing soluble salts · 制备可溶盐
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| salt/sɒlt/ | 盐 | yán |
| filter/ˈfɪltə/ | 过滤 | guò lǜ |
| evaporate/ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ | 蒸发 | zhēng fā |
| crystallise/ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/ | 结晶 | jié jīng |
Making salts 盐 you can dissolve
- A salt forms when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal.
- For soluble salts, there's a reliable way to make and collect them.
制造你能溶解的盐
- 当一种酸的氢被一种金属取代时,一种盐(salt)形成。
- 对可溶的盐,有一个可靠的方法来制造和收集它们。
Why is an excess of the base added to the acid? · 为什么把过量的碱加到酸中?
Excess base ensures complete reaction of the acid. · 过量的碱确保酸的完全反应。
A salt forms when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a ______. · 当一种酸的氢被一种______取代时一种盐形成。
A metal (or ammonium) ion replaces the acid's hydrogen. · 一个金属(或铵)离子取代酸的氢。
The method
- React an acid with an excess of an insoluble base, metal or carbonate.
- The excess ensures all the acid is used up; then filter 过滤 off the leftover solid.
Making a soluble salt: react with excess solid, filter, evaporate 蒸发, then crystallise 结晶
方法
- 用过量的一种不可溶的碱、金属或碳酸盐与一种酸反应。
- 过量确保所有的酸被用完;然后过滤(filter)掉剩余的固体。
制造一种可溶盐:与过量固体反应、过滤、蒸发,然后结晶
Preparing a soluble salt · 制备一种可溶盐
Step through the method. React an acid with excess insoluble base, filter off what's left over, then evaporate and crystallise to get pure salt crystals. · 逐步看这个方法。用一种酸与过量的不可溶碱反应,过滤掉剩余的,然后蒸发和结晶以得到纯净的盐晶体。
After the reaction, the leftover excess solid is removed by: · 反应之后,剩余的过量固体通过以下移除:
Filtration removes the undissolved excess. · 过滤移除未溶解的过量。
Pure salt crystals are obtained by: · 纯净的盐晶体通过以下获得:
Slow crystallisation gives pure crystals. · 慢的结晶给出纯净的晶体。
Getting the crystals
- The filtered solution contains the dissolved salt.
- Evaporate some water, then leave it to crystallise — the salt forms pure crystals.
得到晶体
- 过滤后的溶液含有溶解的盐。
- 蒸发(evaporate)一些水,然后让它结晶(crystallise)——盐形成纯净的晶体。
Put the soluble-salt preparation steps in order. · 把可溶盐制备步骤按顺序排列。
React → filter → evaporate → crystallise. · 反应 → 过滤 → 蒸发 → 结晶。
The full sequence
-
- Add excess base to warm acid. 2. Filter off the excess.
-
- Evaporate to concentrate. 4. Crystallise and dry the crystals.
Worked example. To make copper sulfate: warm sulfuric acid, add excess copper oxide until no more dissolves, filter off the leftover oxide, then evaporate and crystallise the blue solution.
完整的顺序
-
- 把过量的碱加到温热的酸中。2. 过滤掉过量。
-
- 蒸发以浓缩。4. 结晶并干燥晶体。
例题。 要制造硫酸铜:温热硫酸,加过量的氧化铜直到没有更多溶解,过滤掉剩余的氧化物,然后蒸发并结晶蓝色溶液。
You've got it
- a soluble salt is made by reacting acid with excess base/metal/carbonate
- filter off the excess solid, then evaporate and crystallise
- using an excess ensures all the acid reacts
你掌握了
- 一种可溶盐通过用酸与过量碱/金属/碳酸盐反应制造
- 过滤掉过量的固体,然后蒸发和结晶
- 使用过量确保所有的酸反应