Business finance — needs and sources · 企业财务——需求与来源
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| finance/ˈfaɪnæns/ | 资金 | zī jīn |
| start-up capital/stɑːt ʌp ˈkæpɪtl/ | 启动资金 | qǐ dòng zī jīn |
| working capital/ˈwɜːkɪŋ ˈkæpɪtl/ | 营运资金 | yíng yùn zī jīn |
| overdrafts/ˈəʊvədræfts/ | 透支 | tòu zhī |
| retained profit/rɪˈteɪnd ˈprɒfɪt/ | 留存利润 | liú cún lì rùn |
| share issues/ʃeə ˈɪʃuːz/ | 发行股票 | fā xíng gǔ piào |
| trade credit/treɪd ˈkredɪt/ | 贸易信贷 | mào yì xìn dài |
| grants/ɡrænts/ | 补助金 | bǔ zhù jīn |
Money to start and grow
- You can't open a shop, buy stock or pay staff without money — finance 资金.
- Knowing why a business needs finance and where to get it is essential.
启动和成长的钱
- 没有钱你无法开一家商店、购买库存或支付员工——资金(finance)。
- 知道一个企业为什么需要资金以及在哪里获得它是必不可少的。
Sources of finance lab · 融资来源实验
Choose the best type of finance by time, risk and ownership. · 根据时间、风险和所有权选择最佳融资类型。
Day-to-day money for wages and suppliers is called: · 用于支付工资和供应商的日常资金称为：
Working capital funds day-to-day operations. · 营运资本用于支持日常运营。
Why businesses need finance
- Start-up capital 启动资金: premises, equipment, first stock.
- Working capital 营运资金: day-to-day cash for wages and suppliers.
- Growth: expansion, new products or machinery.
Banks are a key external source of business finance, through loans and overdrafts 透支
企业为什么需要资金
- 启动资本(start-up capital):场所、设备、第一批库存。
- 营运资本(working capital):用于工资和供应商的日常现金。
- 成长:扩张、新产品或机器。
银行是企业资金的一个关键外部来源,通过贷款和透支
Which is an internal source of finance? · 以下哪项是内部融资来源？
Retained profit comes from within the business. · 留存收益来自企业内部。
A bank loan is an ______ source of finance. · 银行贷款是一种______资金来源。
External finance comes from outside the business. · 外部融资来自企业外部。
Internal and external sources
- Internal: retained profit 留存利润, selling assets, owner's savings. No interest.
- External: bank loans, overdrafts, share issues 发行股票, trade credit 贸易信贷, grants 补助金.
Sources of finance split into internal (from within the business) and external (from outside)
A stock exchange: public limited companies raise finance by selling shares
内部和外部来源
- 内部:留存利润、出售资产、所有者的储蓄。没有利息。
- 外部:银行贷款、透支、发行股票、商业信用、补助金。
资金来源分成内部(来自企业内部)和外部(来自外部)
一个证券交易所:上市公司通过出售股份筹集资金
Which is a short-term source of finance? · 以下哪项是短期融资来源？
Overdrafts and trade credit are short-term. · 透支和贸易信贷属于短期融资。
A long-term asset should be funded with a long-term source of finance. · 长期资产应用长期资金来源资助。
Match the term of finance to the purpose. · 将融资期限与用途匹配。
Short-term vs long-term
- Short-term (overdraft, trade credit): for day-to-day cash needs.
- Long-term (loans, shares): for big, lasting investments.
Match the source to the need. Funding a long-term machine with a short-term overdraft is risky; using a 10-year loan for this week's wages is wasteful. The term of finance should fit its purpose.
Finance is needed to start up, to run day-to-day, and to grow
短期对长期
- 短期(透支、商业信用):用于日常现金需要。
- 长期(贷款、股份):用于大的、持久的投资。
让来源匹配需要。 用一个短期透支为一台长期机器融资是有风险的;用一个 10 年期贷款支付这周的工资是浪费的。资金的期限应该适合它的目的。
You've got it
- finance is needed for start-up, working capital and growth
- sources are internal (retained profit) or external (loans, shares)
- match short-term sources to short-term needs, long-term to long-term
你掌握了
- 启动、营运资本和成长需要资金
- 来源是内部的(留存利润)或外部的(贷款、股份)
- 让短期来源匹配短期需要,长期匹配长期