How DNA makes proteins · DNA 如何制造蛋白质
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| bases/ˈbeɪsɪz/ | 碱基 | jiǎn jī |
| double helix/ˈdʌbl ˈhiːlɪks/ | 双螺旋 | shuāng luó xuán |
| base sequence/beɪs ˈsiːkwəns/ | 碱基序列 | jiǎn jī xù liè |
| amino acid/əˈmiːnəʊ ˈæsɪd/ | 氨基酸 | ān jī suān |
Reading the genetic code
- DNA holds a code — but how does that code actually build a protein?
- The answer lies in DNA's elegant structure and the order of its bases 碱基.
读取遗传密码
- DNA 持有一个密码——但那个密码实际上如何构建一个蛋白质?
- 答案在于 DNA 优雅的结构和它的碱基(bases)的顺序。
The shape of a DNA molecule is a: · 一个 DNA 分子的形状是一个:
DNA is a double helix — two twisted strands. · DNA 是一个双螺旋——两条扭曲的链。
The structure of DNA
- DNA is a double helix 双螺旋: two strands twisted together.
- The strands are linked by pairs of bases, like rungs on a twisted ladder.
DNA is two strands held together by paired bases — a twisted ladder.
DNA 的结构
- DNA 是一个双螺旋(double helix):两条扭在一起的链。
- 这两条链由成对的碱基连接,像一架扭曲的梯子上的横档。
DNA 是由配对的碱基固定在一起的两条链——一架扭曲的梯子。
From gene to protein · 从基因到蛋白质
Step through the central dogma: the DNA template is transcribed into mRNA by base pairing (A→U, T→A, G→C, C→G), then read in codons and translated into a chain of amino acids. · 一步步走过中心法则:DNA 模板通过碱基配对(A→U、T→A、G→C、C→G)被转录成 mRNA,然后以密码子被读取并翻译成一条氨基酸链。
In DNA, base A always pairs with: · 在 DNA 中,碱基 A 总是与以下哪个配对:
A pairs with T; C pairs with G. · A 与 T 配对;C 与 G 配对。
The order of bases in a gene determines the protein made. · 一个基因中碱基的顺序决定制造的蛋白质。
Base order sets the amino acid order, hence the protein. · 碱基顺序设定氨基酸顺序,因此设定蛋白质。
In DNA, base C always pairs with base ______. · 在 DNA 中,碱基 C 总是与碱基______配对。
C-G and A-T are the base pairs. · C-G 和 A-T 是碱基对。
The base sequence 碱基序列
- There are four bases (A, T, C, G), and they pair up: A with T, C with G.
- The order of bases along a gene is the code.
A dominant allele shows with one copy; a recessive needs two
碱基序列
- 有四种碱基(A、T、C、G),它们配对:A 与 T、C 与 G。
- 沿一个基因的碱基顺序是密码。
How many bases code for one amino acid? · 多少个碱基为一个氨基酸编码?
A triplet of three bases codes for one amino acid. · 一个三个碱基的三联体为一个氨基酸编码。
From code to protein
- Each group of three bases codes for one amino acid 氨基酸.
- The order of bases sets the order of amino acids, which determines the protein made.
Worked example. A gene's base sequence is copied and read three bases at a time. Each triplet adds one amino acid to a growing chain. The finished chain folds into a specific protein — say, an enzyme.
从密码到蛋白质
- 每组三个碱基为一个氨基酸编码。
- 碱基的顺序设定氨基酸的顺序,这决定制造的蛋白质。
例题。 一个基因的碱基序列被复制并一次读三个碱基。每个三联体给一条生长的链添加一个氨基酸。完成的链折叠成一个特定的蛋白质——比如说,一个酶。
You've got it
- DNA is a double helix of two strands joined by base pairs
- bases pair A-T and C-G; the order of bases is the code
- every three bases code for one amino acid, building a protein
你掌握了
- DNA 是由碱基对连接的两条链的双螺旋
- 碱基配对 A-T 和 C-G;碱基的顺序是密码
- 每三个碱基为一个氨基酸编码,构建一个蛋白质