Homeostasis and blood glucose · 稳态和血糖
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| homeostasis/ˌhəʊmiːəˈstɑːsiz/ | 稳态 | wěn tài |
| internal environment/ɪnˈtɜːnl enˈvaɪrənmənt/ | 内环境 | nèi huán jìng |
| negative feedback/ˈneɡətɪv ˈfiːdbæk/ | 负反馈 | fù fǎn kuì |
| set point/set pɔɪnt/ | 设定点 | shè dìng diǎn |
| glucagon/ˈɡluːkæɡən/ | 胰高血糖素 | yí gāo xuè táng sù |
| diabetes/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | 糖尿病 | táng niào bìng |
Keeping things steady
- Your body works best when its internal conditions stay within a narrow range.
- Keeping them steady is homeostasis 稳态 — and controlling blood glucose is a perfect example.
保持稳定
- 你的身体在它的内部条件保持在一个狭窄范围内时工作得最好。
- 保持它们稳定是稳态(homeostasis)——而控制血糖是一个完美的例子。
Homeostasis is the maintenance of: · 稳态是维持:
Homeostasis keeps internal conditions steady. · 稳态保持内部条件稳定。
What homeostasis is
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment 内环境.
- It controls temperature, water, and blood glucose levels.
稳态是什么
- 稳态是维持一个恒定的内环境(internal environment)。
- 它控制温度、水和血糖(glucose)水平。
Homeostasis & blood glucose · 稳态和血糖
insulin ↓ · glucagon ↑ · 胰岛素 ↓ · 胰高血糖素 ↑
Blood glucose is held near a set point · 设定点 by insulin and glucagon — negative feedback. · 血糖被胰岛素和胰高血糖素保持在一个设定点附近——负反馈。
Negative feedback brings a level back towards its set point when it strays. · 负反馈在一个水平偏离时把它带回它的设定点。
A rise triggers a lowering response, and vice versa. · 上升触发一个降低反应,反之亦然。
Negative feedback 负反馈
- The body uses negative feedback: if a level rises, a response lowers it (and vice versa).
- This keeps the level oscillating gently around a set point 设定点.
负反馈
- 身体使用负反馈(negative feedback):如果一个水平上升,一个反应降低它(反之亦然)。
- 这保持水平在一个设定点(set point)周围轻轻地振荡。
When blood glucose is too high, the pancreas releases: · 当血糖太高时,胰腺释放:
Insulin lowers blood glucose by storing it. · 胰岛素通过储存血糖来降低它。
When blood glucose is too low, the liver is told to release glucose by: · 当血糖太低时,肝被以下哪种告知释放葡萄糖:
Glucagon raises blood glucose. · 胰高血糖素提高血糖。
A failure to produce enough insulin causes type 1 . · 不能产生足够的胰岛素导致 1 型。
Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin injections. · 1 型糖尿病用胰岛素注射治疗。
Controlling blood glucose
- After eating, glucose rises → the pancreas releases insulin → glucose stored in the liver → level falls.
- When glucose falls → the pancreas releases glucagon 胰高血糖素 → liver releases glucose → level rises.
Insulin lowers blood glucose and glucagon raises it, holding the level near a set point.
In type 1 diabetes 糖尿病, the pancreas can't make enough insulin. Without insulin, blood glucose rises dangerously high after eating. It is treated with insulin injections to do the job the pancreas can't.
控制血糖
- 进食后,葡萄糖上升 → 胰腺释放胰岛素(insulin)→ 葡萄糖储存在肝中 → 水平下降。
- 当葡萄糖下降时 → 胰腺释放胰高血糖素(glucagon)→ 肝释放葡萄糖 → 水平上升。
胰岛素降低血糖,胰高血糖素提高它,把水平保持在一个设定点附近。
在 1 型糖尿病中,胰腺不能制造足够的胰岛素。 没有胰岛素,血糖在进食后危险地升高。它用胰岛素注射来治疗,做胰腺不能做的工作。
You've got it
- homeostasis keeps the internal environment constant, using negative feedback
- insulin lowers blood glucose (stores it); glucagon raises it (releases it)
- failure to make insulin causes type 1 diabetes
你掌握了
- 稳态使用负反馈保持内环境恒定
- 胰岛素降低血糖(储存它);胰高血糖素提高它(释放它)
- 不能制造胰岛素导致 1 型糖尿病