Leaf structure · 叶子结构
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| adaptation/ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ | 适应 | shì yìng |
| palisade/ˈpælɪseɪd/ | 栅栏组织 | zhà lán zǔ zhī |
| chloroplasts/ˈklɔːrəʊplæsts/ | 叶绿体 | yè lǜ tǐ |
| veins/veɪnz/ | 静脉 | jìng mài |
| xylem/ˈzaɪləm/ | 木质部 | mù zhì bù |
| phloem/ˈfləʊɪm/ | 韧皮部 | rèn pí bù |
| stomata/ˈstəʊmətə/ | 气孔 | qì kǒng |
| guard cells/ɡɑːd selz/ | 保卫细胞 | bǎo wèi xì bāo |
The perfect solar panel
- A leaf looks simple, but it's beautifully built to capture light and make food.
- Almost every feature is an adaptation 适应 for photosynthesis.
完美的太阳能板
- 一片叶子看起来简单,但它被精美地构建来捕获光并制造食物。
- 几乎每个特征都是为光合作用的一个适应(adaptation)。
A leaf is broad and flat mainly to: · 一片叶子宽而平,主要是为了:
Large surface area maximises light capture. · 大表面积使光的捕获最大化。
A leaf is ______ so that gases can diffuse in and out over short distances. · 一片叶子很______,这样气体能在短距离上扩散进出。
Thinness shortens the diffusion distance. · 薄缩短了扩散距离。
Built for light
- A leaf is broad and flat for a large surface area to catch light.
- It is thin, so gases diffuse in and out quickly.
A leaf in cross-section: each tissue is adapted for photosynthesis and gas exchange
为光而建
- 一片叶子宽而平,以有一个大表面积来接住光。
- 它很薄,所以气体快速地扩散进出。
叶子的横切面:每个组织都为光合作用和气体交换而适应
Inside a leaf · 叶子内部
Tap each layer of a leaf cross-section to see how its structure is built for photosynthesis and gas exchange. · 点击叶子横切面的每一层,看看它的结构如何为光合作用和气体交换而建。
Which leaf layer contains the most chloroplasts? · 哪一个叶子层含有最多的叶绿体?
The palisade layer near the top absorbs the most light. · 靠近顶部的栅栏层吸收最多的光。
Inside the leaf
- The upper palisade 栅栏组织 layer is packed with chloroplasts 叶绿体 to absorb the most light.
- A network of veins 静脉 (xylem 木质部 and phloem 韧皮部) brings water and carries away sugars.
Stomata 气孔 in the lower surface of a leaf
叶子内部
- 上部的栅栏(palisade)层挤满了叶绿体(chloroplasts)以吸收最多的光。
- 一个叶脉(veins,木质部和韧皮部)网络带来水并运走糖。
一片叶子下表面的气孔
Stomata are pores that allow: · 气孔是允许以下哪种的孔:
Stomata let CO₂ in and O₂ out. · 气孔让 CO₂ 进入,O₂ 出去。
Guard cells open and close the stomata. · 保卫细胞打开和关闭气孔。
They control gas exchange and water loss. · 它们控制气体交换和水分流失。
Gas exchange
- Tiny pores called stomata (on the underside) let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
- Guard cells 保卫细胞 open and close the stomata to control gas exchange and water loss.
Worked example. A leaf's broad, thin shape gives a large surface area and short diffusion distance — letting it absorb plenty of light and exchange gases quickly. Form fits function.
What a plant does with the glucose it makes
气体交换
- 叫做气孔(stomata)的微小孔(在下面)让二氧化碳进入,氧出去。
- 保卫细胞(guard cells)打开和关闭气孔,以控制气体交换和水分流失。
例题。 一片叶子宽、薄的形状给出一个大表面积和短扩散距离——让它吸收大量的光并快速地交换气体。形式适合功能。
You've got it
- a leaf is broad and flat (large surface area) and thin (fast diffusion)
- the palisade layer holds the most chloroplasts; veins carry water and sugar
- stomata (controlled by guard cells) let CO₂ in and O₂ out
你掌握了
- 一片叶子宽而平(大表面积)且薄(快速扩散)
- 栅栏层装有最多的叶绿体;叶脉运送水和糖
- 气孔(由保卫细胞控制)让 CO₂ 进入,O₂ 出去