Causation, change and comparative essays · 因果关系、变化与比较论文
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| causation/kɔːˈseɪʃn/ | 因果关系 | yīn guǒ guān xì |
| continuity/kɒntɪˈnjuːɪti/ | 延续性 | yán xù xìng |
A decision you can investigate
- A long-standing tension and an immediate incident can both contribute to change.
- Listing events in date order does not explain their causal importance.
一个你可以调查的决策
- 长期存在的紧张局势和即时事件都可能促成变革。
- 按时间顺序罗列事件并不能解释其因果重要性。
Build the explanation
- A cause helps explain why an outcome occurred; a trigger may explain why it occurred at that moment.
- Compare the mechanisms and relative significance of factors, using precise evidence and a counterargument.
构建解释
- 原因有助于解释结果为何发生；触发因素可能解释为何恰在此刻发生。
- 比较各因素的机制及其相对重要性，使用确凿证据并引入反方论点。
Match the terms to their precise meanings. · 将术语与其精确含义匹配。
Use these definitions in the particular context of Causation, change and comparative essays. · 在因果、变化与比较论文的特定背景下使用这些定义。
Work through the evidence
- Organize a paragraph around one factor, then compare its operation in two relevant cases. Explain why the factor mattered differently.
- End with a qualified judgement that answers the question, rather than declaring every factor equally important.
梳理证据
- 围绕单一因素组织段落，然后比较该因素在两个相关案例中的运作情况。解释为何该因素的重要性有所不同。
- 以带有限定条件的判断作为结尾来回答问题，而不是宣称每个因素同等重要。
What makes a causal paragraph analytical? · 什么样的因果分析段落才具有分析性？
Organize a paragraph around one factor, then compare its operation in two relevant cases. Explain why the factor mattered differently. End with a qualified judgement that answers the question, rather than declaring every factor equally important. · 围绕单一因素组织段落，然后比较该因素在两个相关案例中的运作情况。解释为何该因素的重要性有所不同。以带有限定条件的判断作为结尾来回答问题，而不是宣称每个因素同等重要。
Test the limits
- Do not confuse a consequence with a cause or assume the earliest event was the most important.
- A classroom hypothetical is not evidence for the selected historical topic; replace it with verified case detail.
测试极限
- 不要混淆后果与原因，也不要假设最早发生的事件最为重要。
- 课堂假设并非所选历史主题的证据；应替换为经核实的案例细节。
Which caution belongs to this particular task? · 哪项注意事项适用于此特定任务？
Do not confuse a consequence with a cause or assume the earliest event was the most important. A classroom hypothetical is not evidence for the selected historical topic; replace it with verified case detail. · 不要混淆后果与原因，也不要假设最早发生的事件最为重要。课堂假设并非所选历史主题的证据；应替换为经核实的案例细节。
The explanation in this lesson makes a conditional claim; relevant context and evidence still matter. · 本课的解释提出了条件性主张；相关背景和证据仍然重要。
A classroom hypothetical is not evidence for the selected historical topic; replace it with verified case detail. · 课堂假设情境并非选定历史主题的实证依据；应替换为经过核实的案例细节。
Apply and explain your answer
- What makes a causal paragraph analytical?
- It explains how a factor produced an outcome and evaluates its importance.
应用并解释你的答案
- 什么样的因果段落才具有分析性？
- 它解释了某一因素如何产生结果，并评估其重要性。
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson. · 选择本课支持的两项陈述。
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut. · 概念和推演证据支持这些主张；明确的限制排除了普遍捷径。
Use the terms precisely
- causation 因果关系: An explanation of how factors contribute to outcomes.
- continuity 延续性: Persistence of features across a period of change.
精确使用术语
- causation 因果关系：解释各因素如何导致结果的论述。
- continuity 延续性：在变化时期中特征的持续存在。
Organize a paragraph around one factor, then compare its operation in two relevant cases. Explain why the factor mattered differently. End with a qualified judgement that answers the question, rather than declaring every factor equally important.
Do not confuse a consequence with a cause or assume the earliest event was the most important. A classroom hypothetical is not evidence for the selected historical topic; replace it with verified case detail.
A cause helps explain why an outcome occurred; a trigger may explain why it occurred at that moment.
围绕单一因素组织段落，然后比较该因素在两个相关案例中的运作情况。解释为何该因素的重要性有所不同。以带有限定条件的判断作为结尾来回答问题，而不是宣称每个因素同等重要。
不要混淆后果与原因，也不要假设最早发生的事件最为重要。课堂假设并非所选历史主题的证据；应替换为经核实的案例细节。
原因有助于解释结果为何发生；触发因素可能解释为何恰在此刻发生。