诊断系统与障碍分类
引入| English | 中文 | 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| diathesis-stress model/ˈdaɪəθəsɪs stres ˈmɒdl/ | 素质-应激模型 | sù zhì - yīng jī mó xíng |
| diagnostic criteria/ˌdaɪəɡˈnɒstɪk kraɪˈtɪərɪə/ | 诊断标准 | zhěn duàn biāo zhǔn |
A decision before an answer
- A short vignette gives symptoms and duration but omits impairment, exclusions and context. What is still unknown?
- Your goal: Interpret diagnostic evidence under the recorded DSM-5-TR framework without diagnosing from incomplete vignettes.
Identify the recorded framework
- The recorded framework is DSM-5-TR.
- Clinical classification describes patterns; a category does not establish the cause of a presentation. Historical ETS items must be interpreted against their recorded source version.
A classroom vignette gives two symptoms and a duration, but omits impairment and exclusions. Which conclusion is justified?
The missing criterion domains prevent a complete classification; duration alone is insufficient.
Check all criterion domains
- Symptoms, duration, clinically significant distress or impairment, context and exclusions must be considered together.
- A short duration does not by itself establish acute stress disorder or any other diagnosis.
In the diathesis-stress model, a family history of schizophrenia together with a recent bereavement maps onto:
The pre-existing vulnerability is the diathesis; the later trigger is the stress.
Separate vulnerability and later stress
- The diathesis-stress model examines how vulnerability and environmental stress jointly affect risk.
- Neither a family history nor a later event establishes an inevitable outcome or a universal necessity/sufficiency rule.
A fictional vignette supplies a recent adverse event and two symptoms but omits impairment, exclusions and a full assessment. What conclusion is justified? The vignette identifies relevant evidence and missing information. It cannot establish a diagnosis. A duration threshold alone cannot turn a short account into an alternative disorder. The correct educational response is to name the missing criterion domains and source/version, not supply personal advice.
A factor present before a later stressor is a possible ____.
A diathesis is a vulnerability, not proof that a disorder must occur.
Limit educational comparisons
- Common educational distinctions include added experiences versus reduced functions in symptom descriptions, and episodic presentations versus enduring patterns.
- Full current criteria require an authenticated manual; the available GRE practice book is not that manual.
Do not infer a diagnosis from duration or a few symptoms, or offer personal treatment advice.
Which answer fits this case?
Interpret diagnostic evidence under the recorded DSM-5-TR framework without diagnosing from incomplete vignettes
A DSM-5-TR diagnosis states the cause of a person's disorder.
The manual is descriptive: it classifies presentations and does not assert aetiology.
Keep the distinctions
- diagnostic criteria 诊断标准 — The listed symptom, duration, impairment and exclusion requirements for a classification.
- diathesis-stress model 素质-应激模型 — An account of how vulnerability and environmental stress jointly affect risk.
- Interpret diagnostic evidence under the recorded DSM-5-TR framework without diagnosing from incomplete vignettes.
- Apply the diathesis-stress model to separate predisposition from trigger.
- Distinguish commonly confused disorders by their defining features.
Match each term with its precise meaning in this lesson.
Keep the distinctions stated in the teaching example.
Put this lesson’s reasoning or event sequence in order.
The order follows the stated process; check each stage before the next.