Present perfect — past meets now · 现在完成时 — 连接过去与现在
Linking the past to now
- The present perfect connects a past action to now.
- I have finished my homework. (so I'm free now)
- It's about experience or the recent past — not a specific time.
I have finished my homework; the sofa is delighted.
连接过去与现在
- 现在完成时 (present perfect) 把过去的动作和现在联系起来。
- 我I （完成时）have 完成finished 我的my 作业homework.(我做完作业了。)
- 它讲的是经验或刚刚发生的事,不说具体时间。
我已经写完作业；沙发高兴极了。
Form: have / has + past participle
- have / has + past participle (he / she / it → has).
- I have seen it. She has gone home.
- Past participle: regular = -ed; irregular → do → done, see → seen, be → been.
结构:have / has + 过去分词
- have / has + 过去分词(he / she / it → has)。
- 她She （完成时）has 去了gone 家home.(她回家了。)
- 过去分词:规则 = -ed;不规则 → do → done,see → seen,be → been。
Which sentence is in the present perfect? · 哪一句是现在完成时?
Present perfect = have/has + past participle: “has lost”. · 现在完成时 = have/has + 过去分词:has lost。
Complete: I have ___ (do) my homework. · 填空:I have ___ (do) my homework。
The past participle of “do” is “done”: I have done. · do 的过去分词是 done:I have done。
ever, never, just, already, yet
- ever (in questions) / never → experience.
- just = a moment ago; already = sooner than expected.
- yet goes at the end of negatives / questions ("so far / still not").
- Have you ever been to London? I've just eaten. He hasn't finished yet.
ever / never / just / already / yet
- ever(疑问句)/ never → 经验。
- just = 刚刚;already = 已经(比预期早)。
- yet 放在否定 / 疑问句末("还没 / 到目前")。
- 我I （完成时）have 刚刚just 吃过eaten.(我刚吃过。)
for and since
- for + a length of time → for three years.
- since + a starting point → since 2020.
- I have lived here for five years. We've known each other since 2018.
for 与 since
- for + 一段时间 → for three years。
- since + 起点 → since 2020。
- 我们We （完成时）have 认识known 彼此each other 自从since 2018年2018.(我们从 2018 年就认识了。)
for or since? · 用 for 还是 since?
Use 'for' with a length of time, 'since' with a starting point. · for 接一段时间,since 接起点。
Choose the correct word: I have lived here ___ 2019. · 选出正确的词:I have lived here ___ 2019。
2019 is a starting point → use “since”. Use “for” with a length of time. · 2019 是起点 → 用 since。for 接一段时间。
Translate into English: 我在这里住了五年了。 · 翻译成英语:我在这里住了五年了。
Still true now → present perfect with for: “I have lived here for five years.” · 到现在还在持续 → 现在完成时 + for:I have lived here for five years。
Common mistakes
- ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✓ I saw him yesterday. — an exact past time → past simple.
- ❌ I live here for ten years. → ✓ I have lived here for ten years. — still true now → present perfect.
- ❌ Have you ever went to Beijing? → ✓ Have you ever been to Beijing?
常见错误
- ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✓ I saw him yesterday。—— 说出具体过去时间就用一般过去时。
- ❌ I live here for ten years. → ✓ I have lived here for ten years。—— "住了十年还在住"用现在完成时,中文没有这个区分。
- ❌ Have you ever went to Beijing? → ✓ Have you ever been to Beijing?—— "去过"用 have been to。
Match the verb to its past participle (the have/has form). · 把动词和它的过去分词(have / has 后的形式)配对。
The participle is the third form: do–did–done, see–saw–seen, eat–ate–eaten, be–was–been. · 过去分词是第三列:do–did–done、see–saw–seen、eat–ate–eaten、be–was–been。
Tom isn't here. He has ___ to the bank.
gone = he went and is still away; been = he went and came back. · gone 去了还没回;been 去过已回来。Tom 不在,所以用 gone。
- Present perfect links past → now.
- Form: have / has + past participle.
- for + a length of time; since + a starting point.
- 现在完成时连接 过去 → 现在。
- 结构:have / has + 过去分词。
- for 接一段时间;since 接起点。
Write one sentence about a place you have visited, using the present perfect (have/has been to ...). · 用现在完成时写一句话,说说你去过的一个地方(have/has been to ...)。
Example: “I have been to Shanghai.” (have + been) · 例如:I have been to Shanghai。(have + been)