Government objectives and policies · 政府目标与政策
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| inflation/ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ | 通货膨胀 | tōng huò péng zhàng |
| fiscal policy/ˈfɪskl ˈpɒlɪsi/ | 财政政策 | cái zhèng zhèng cè |
A decision you can investigate
- Household prices rise while some workers lose jobs.
- A policy that raises spending may help employment but add pressure to prices.
一个你可以调查的决策
- 家庭支出上升，同时部分工人失去工作。
- 一项增加支出的政策可能有助于就业，但会增加物价上涨的压力。
Build the explanation
- Inflation 通货膨胀 is a sustained rise in the general price level. Growth is an increase in real output.
- Fiscal policy 财政政策 changes government spending and taxation; monetary policy influences interest rates and monetary conditions.
构建解释
- 通货膨胀 通货膨胀是总体价格水平的持续上涨。增长是实际产出的增加。
- 财政政策 财政政策通过改变政府支出和税收来实施；货币政策影响利率和货币状况。
Match the terms to their precise meanings. · 将术语与其精确含义匹配。
Use these definitions in the particular context of Government objectives and policies. · 在“政府目标与政策”的特定语境下使用这些定义。
Work through the evidence
- If nominal GDP rises by 8% while prices rise by 5%, real growth is about 3%.
- Lower interest rates may raise investment and consumption, but borrowers must be willing and able to respond.
梳理证据
- 如果名义GDP增长8%，而价格上涨5%，实际增长率约为3%。
- 较低的利率可能提高投资和消费，但借款人必须有意愿和能力做出反应。
What does a fall in inflation from 8% to 3% usually mean? · 通胀率从8%降至3%通常意味着什么？
If nominal GDP rises by 8% while prices rise by 5%, real growth is about 3%. Lower interest rates may raise investment and consumption, but borrowers must be willing and able to respond. · 如果名义GDP增长8%，而价格上涨5%，实际增长率约为3%。较低的利率可能提高投资和消费，但借款人必须有意愿和能力做出反应。
Test the limits
- Slower inflation means prices rise more slowly, not that prices fall.
- Judge a policy by time lags, spare capacity, public finances and the source of inflation.
测试极限
- 通胀放缓意味着价格上涨速度变慢，而非价格下跌。
- 应通过时间滞后、闲置产能、公共财政状况和通胀来源来评估政策。
Which caution belongs to this particular task? · 哪项注意事项适用于此特定任务？
Slower inflation means prices rise more slowly, not that prices fall. Judge a policy by time lags, spare capacity, public finances and the source of inflation. · 通胀放缓意味着价格上涨速度变慢，而非价格下跌。应通过时间滞后、闲置产能、公共财政状况和通胀来源来评估政策。
The explanation in this lesson makes a conditional claim; relevant context and evidence still matter. · 本课的解释提出了条件性主张；相关背景和证据仍然重要。
Judge a policy by time lags, spare capacity, public finances and the source of inflation. · 评估政策时应考虑时间滞后、闲置产能、公共财政状况以及通胀来源。
Apply and explain your answer
- What does a fall in inflation from 8% to 3% usually mean?
- The general price level is still rising, but more slowly.
应用并解释你的答案
- 通胀从8%下降至3%通常意味着什么？
- 总体价格水平仍在上涨，但速度变慢。
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson. · 选择本课支持的两项陈述。
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut. · 概念和推演证据支持这些主张；明确的限制排除了普遍捷径。
Use the terms precisely
- inflation: A sustained rise in the general price level.
- fiscal policy: Changes in government spending and taxation.
精确使用术语
- 通货膨胀：总体价格水平的持续上升。
- 财政政策：政府支出和税收的变化。
If nominal GDP rises by 8% while prices rise by 5%, real growth is about 3%. Lower interest rates may raise investment and consumption, but borrowers must be willing and able to respond.
Slower inflation means prices rise more slowly, not that prices fall. Judge a policy by time lags, spare capacity, public finances and the source of inflation.
Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level. Growth is an increase in real output.
如果名义GDP增长8%，而价格上涨5%，实际增长率约为3%。较低的利率可能提高投资和消费，但借款人必须有意愿和能力做出反应。
通胀放缓意味着价格上涨速度变慢，而非价格下跌。应通过时间滞后、闲置产能、公共财政状况和通胀来源来评估政策。
通货膨胀是总体价格水平的持续上升。增长是实际产出的增加。