Competition and labour · 竞争与劳动力
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| labour demand/ˈleɪbə dɪˈmænd/ | 劳动力需求 | láo dòng lì xū qiú |
| monopoly/məˈnɒpəli/ | 垄断 | lǒng duàn |
A decision you can investigate
- A town has one broadband supplier but ten food stalls.
- Customers' alternatives change each firm's ability to raise its price.
一个你可以调查的决策
- 一个城镇只有一家宽带供应商，但有十个食品摊位。
- 消费者的选择会改变每家企业提高价格的能力。
Build the explanation
- Competition can encourage lower prices, choice and innovation. Market power can reduce competitive pressure.
- Labour demand 劳动力需求 is linked to the demand for output; skills, productivity and labour supply influence wages.
构建解释
- 竞争可以鼓励更低的价格、更多选择和创新。市场力量可能削弱竞争压力。
- 劳动力需求 与对产出的需求相关；技能、生产率和劳动力供给影响工资水平。
Match the terms to their precise meanings. · 将术语与其精确含义匹配。
Use these definitions in the particular context of Competition and labour. · 在“竞争与劳动力”的特定语境下使用这些定义。
Work through the evidence
- A new employer raises demand for local electricians. With unchanged supply, their wage tends to rise.
- A training programme can later increase skilled labour supply and reduce shortages.
梳理证据
- 一位新雇主增加了对当地电工的需求。在供给不变的情况下，其工资倾向于上涨。
- 一项培训计划日后可以增加熟练劳动力供给并缓解短缺。
What tends to happen when labour demand rises and labour supply is unchanged? · 当劳动力需求上升且劳动力供给保持不变时，通常会发生什么？
A new employer raises demand for local electricians. With unchanged supply, their wage tends to rise. A training programme can later increase skilled labour supply and reduce shortages. · 一位新雇主增加了对当地电工的需求。在供给不变的情况下，其工资倾向于上涨。一项培训计划日后可以增加熟练劳动力供给并缓解短缺。
Test the limits
- A large firm is not automatically a monopoly 垄断, and monopoly does not guarantee high profit.
- A wage comparison must consider skills, working conditions, hours and institutions, not one cause alone.
测试极限
- 大企业并非自动构成垄断，且垄断也不保证高额利润。
- 工资比较必须考虑技能、工作条件、工时和制度等因素，不能仅归因于单一原因。
Which caution belongs to this particular task? · 哪项注意事项适用于此特定任务？
A large firm is not automatically a monopoly, and monopoly does not guarantee high profit. A wage comparison must consider skills, working conditions, hours and institutions, not one cause alone. · 大企业并非自动构成垄断，且垄断也不保证高额利润。工资比较必须考虑技能、工作条件、工时和制度等因素，不能仅归因于单一原因。
The explanation in this lesson makes a conditional claim; relevant context and evidence still matter. · 本课的解释提出了条件性主张；相关背景和证据仍然重要。
A wage comparison must consider skills, working conditions, hours and institutions, not one cause alone. · 工资比较必须考虑技能、工作条件、工时和制度等因素，不能仅凭单一原因判断。
Apply and explain your answer
- What tends to happen when labour demand rises and labour supply is unchanged?
- The market wage tends to rise.
应用并解释你的答案
- 当劳动力需求上升而劳动力供给保持不变时，通常会发生什么？
- 市场工资倾向于上涨。
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson. · 选择本课支持的两项陈述。
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut. · 概念和推演证据支持这些主张；明确的限制排除了普遍捷径。
Use the terms precisely
- monopoly: A market dominated by a single supplier.
- labour demand: The workers employers are willing and able to hire.
精确使用术语
- 垄断：由单一供应商主导的市场。
- 劳动力需求：雇主愿意并能雇佣的工人数量。
A new employer raises demand for local electricians. With unchanged supply, their wage tends to rise. A training programme can later increase skilled labour supply and reduce shortages.
A large firm is not automatically a monopoly, and monopoly does not guarantee high profit. A wage comparison must consider skills, working conditions, hours and institutions, not one cause alone.
Competition can encourage lower prices, choice and innovation. Market power can reduce competitive pressure.
一位新雇主增加了对当地电工的需求。在供给不变的情况下，其工资倾向于上涨。一项培训计划日后可以增加熟练劳动力供给并缓解短缺。
大企业并非自动构成垄断，且垄断也不保证高额利润。工资比较必须考虑技能、工作条件、工时和制度等因素，不能仅归因于单一原因。
竞争可以鼓励更低的价格、更多的选择和创新。市场力量可能会减弱竞争压力。