Labour markets and intervention · 劳动力市场与干预措施
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| derived demand/dɪˈraɪvd dɪˈmænd/ | 派生需求 | pài shēng xū qiú |
| monopsony/ˈmɒnəʊpsəni/ | 买方垄断 | mǎi fāng lǒng duàn |
A decision you can investigate
- A workshop considers hiring another worker who can add output.
- The hiring decision depends on the revenue that output adds and the worker's cost.
一个你可以调查的决策
- 一家工厂考虑雇佣另一名工人，该工人能够增加产出。
- 雇佣决策取决于新增产出所带来的收入以及该工人的成本。
Build the explanation
- Derived demand 派生需求 links labour demand to product demand. Marginal revenue product equals marginal product multiplied by marginal revenue.
- Wage differences can reflect skill, productivity, scarcity, bargaining power and discrimination.
构建解释
- 派生需求 派生需求将劳动力需求与产品需求联系起来。边际收益产量等于边际产量乘以边际收益。
- 工资差异可能反映技能水平、生产率、稀缺性、议价能力和歧视。
Match the terms to their precise meanings. · 将术语与其精确含义匹配。
Use these definitions in the particular context of Labour markets and intervention. · 在劳动力市场和干预这一特定语境中使用这些定义。
Work through the evidence
- An extra worker adds 8 units sold at a constant 12 yuan per unit, so MRP = 8 × 12 = 96 yuan.
- If the relevant wage is 80 yuan, the simplified model supports hiring; other employment costs still matter.
梳理证据
- 增加一名工人可多生产 8 单位产品，每单位以固定价格 12 元出售，因此 MRP = 8 × 12 = 96 元。
- 如果相关工资为 80 元，简化模型支持雇佣；但其他就业成本仍然重要。
What is the worker's marginal revenue product in this case? · 在这种情况下，工人的边际收益产品是多少？
An extra worker adds 8 units sold at a constant 12 yuan per unit, so MRP = 8 × 12 = 96 yuan. If the relevant wage is 80 yuan, the simplified model supports hiring; other employment costs still matter. · 增加一名工人可多生产 8 单位产品，每单位以固定价格 12 元出售，因此 MRP = 8 × 12 = 96 元。如果相关工资为 80 元，简化模型支持雇佣；但其他就业成本仍然重要。
Test the limits
- A minimum wage can have different employment effects under competitive labour markets and monopsony 买方垄断.
- Do not apply one diagram to every institution: state bargaining, market structure and enforcement assumptions.
测试极限
- 最低工资在竞争性劳动力市场和买方垄断下的就业效应不同。
- 不要对所有机构使用同一张图表：需说明集体谈判、市场结构和执行假设。
Which caution belongs to this particular task? · 哪项注意事项适用于此特定任务？
A minimum wage can have different employment effects under competitive labour markets and monopsony. Do not apply one diagram to every institution: state bargaining, market structure and enforcement assumptions. · 最低工资在竞争性劳动力市场和买方垄断下的就业效应不同。不要对所有机构使用同一张图表：需说明集体谈判、市场结构和执行假设。
The explanation in this lesson makes a conditional claim; relevant context and evidence still matter. · 本课的解释提出了条件性主张；相关背景和证据仍然重要。
Do not apply one diagram to every institution: state bargaining, market structure and enforcement assumptions. · 不要对所有制度使用同一张图表：需考虑集体谈判、市场结构和执行假设。
Apply and explain your answer
- What is the worker's marginal revenue product in this case?
- 96 yuan for the period used in the calculation.
应用并解释你的答案
- 在这种情况下，工人的边际收益产量是多少？
- 计算期间使用的金额为 96 元。
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson. · 选择本课支持的两项陈述。
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut. · 概念和推演证据支持这些主张；明确的限制排除了普遍捷径。
Use the terms precisely
- derived demand: Demand for an input arising from demand for its output.
- monopsony: A market with a dominant buyer.
精确使用术语
- 派生需求：由对产出的需求而产生的对投入品的需求。
- 买方垄断：存在主导买方的市场。
An extra worker adds 8 units sold at a constant 12 yuan per unit, so MRP = 8 × 12 = 96 yuan. If the relevant wage is 80 yuan, the simplified model supports hiring; other employment costs still matter.
A minimum wage can have different employment effects under competitive labour markets and monopsony. Do not apply one diagram to every institution: state bargaining, market structure and enforcement assumptions.
Derived demand links labour demand to product demand. Marginal revenue product equals marginal product multiplied by marginal revenue.
增加一名工人可多生产 8 单位产品，每单位以固定价格 12 元出售，因此 MRP = 8 × 12 = 96 元。如果相关工资为 80 元，简化模型支持雇佣；但其他就业成本仍然重要。
最低工资在竞争性劳动力市场和买方垄断下的就业效应不同。不要对所有机构使用同一张图表：需说明集体谈判、市场结构和执行假设。
派生需求将劳动力需求与产品需求联系起来。边际收益产量等于边际产量乘以边际收益。