Setting the Stage · 背景铺垫
1918 and 1945 were not the same moment
- Hopes for greater self-government were largely unfulfilled following World War I.
- However, in the years following World War II, increasing anti-imperialist sentiment contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states.
- The CED's however is the whole point: the same hopes existed in 1918 and were disappointed, and after 1945 they were not.
1918 年与 1945 年不是同一个时刻
- 第一次世界大战之后,对更多自治的期望大体上落空了。
- 然而,在第二次世界大战之后的岁月里,日益增长的反帝情绪促成了帝国的解体与国家的重构。
- CED 的"然而"正是全部要点:同样的期望在 1918 年就已存在并落空,而 1945 年之后则没有。
The CED's word however between 1918 and 1945 marks... · CED 在 1918 年至 1945 年间使用的词 however（然而）标志着……
Explaining the difference is the whole subtopic. · 解释差异是该子主题的完整内容。
The balance of power moved
- Technological and economic gains experienced during World War II by the victorious nations shifted the global balance of power.
- Two of the victors emerged far stronger relative to everyone else, including the older imperial powers.
- So decolonisation and the Cold War have a shared cause: the war changed who was strong, not only who won.
力量平衡发生了移动
- 战胜国在第二次世界大战期间获得的技术与经济收益,改变了全球的力量平衡。
- 其中两个战胜国相对于其他所有人——包括那些较老的帝国主义强权——都变得强大得多。
- 因此去殖民化与冷战有一个共同的原因:这场战争改变的是谁强大,而不只是谁获胜。
Technological and economic gains by the victorious nations shifted the global balance of ____. · 战胜国的技术和经济收益改变了全球____的平衡。
The war changed who was strong, not only who won. · 战争改变了谁强大，而不仅仅是谁获胜。
Why 1945 was different
- Imperial powers were exhausted; colonial populations had been mobilised twice for other people's wars.
- The new leading states did not have the same stake in preserving old European empires.
- And the interwar organisations of 7.5 — congresses, parties, unions — were ready to act.
为何 1945 年不同
- 帝国主义强权已经精疲力竭;殖民地人口两次被动员去打别人的战争。
- 而新的领先国家,在维系旧欧洲帝国这件事上并没有同样的利害。
- 同时,7.5 中两战之间的那些组织——代表大会、政党、工会——已经做好了行动的准备。
Which condition made what possible? · 哪种条件使什么成为可能？
Sort each element of the post-1945 context. · 对 1945 年后的背景要素进行分类。
Select all · 所有 the conditions this lesson gives for why 1945 differed. · 选择 所有 本课给出的 1945 年与众不同的条件。
The telegraph belongs to unit 5. · 电报属于第 5 单元。
The hopes of 1918 and 1945 were the same; the outcomes were not. The CED writes that self-government hopes were largely unfulfilled after the first war and that anti-imperialist sentiment contributed to the dissolution of empires after the second. Explaining the difference is the subtopic.
1918 年与 1945 年的期望是相同的;结果却不同。CED 写道,第一次世界大战后对自治的期望大体落空,而第二次世界大战后反帝情绪促成了帝国的解体。解释这一差别,正是本小节的内容。
Decolonisation and the Cold War are treated as separate periods. · 去殖民化和冷战被视为独立的时期。
The unit runs them side by side because they happened at once and interacted. · 本单元将它们并列呈现，因为它们同时发生且相互作用。
Two stories, one period
- This unit runs decolonisation and the Cold War side by side, because they happened at once and interacted.
- A new state choosing its economic model was making a Cold War decision as well as a domestic one.
- The Non-Aligned Movement of 8.2 exists precisely because those two things were tangled.
两个故事,同一个时期
- 本单元把去殖民化与冷战并排展开,因为它们同时发生并相互作用。
- 一个新国家选择自己的经济模式时,作出的既是一项国内决定,也是一项冷战决定。
- 8.2 中的不结盟运动之所以存在,正是因为这两件事纠缠在一起。
"Historical context" as a skill means naming... · “历史背景”作为一种技能意味着命名……
And then saying what each condition made possible. · 然后说明每种条件使什么成为可能。
Historical context, as a skill
- The objective is the historical context of the Cold War after 1945.
- Context is not background decoration: it is the set of conditions that made the following events possible.
- So an answer names conditions — exhausted empires, a shifted balance of power, mobilised colonial populations — and then says what each made possible.
作为技能的历史语境
- 这一目标是1945 年后冷战的历史语境。
- 语境不是背景装饰:它是使随后事件成为可能的那一组条件。
- 因此答案要点出条件——精疲力竭的帝国、移动了的力量平衡、被动员起来的殖民地人口——然后说出每一项使什么成为可能。
A colonial soldier fights in Europe in 1916 and returns to a colony unchanged. His grandson fights in 1943 and returns to an empire that is bankrupt, to a world in which the strongest states have no interest in propping it up, and to a political party that has been organising for twenty years. Same claim, different conditions.
一位殖民地士兵在 1916 年赴欧作战,回来时殖民地毫无变化。他的孙子在 1943 年作战,回来时面对的是一个已经破产的帝国、一个最强大国家都无意为其撑腰的世界,以及一个已经组织了二十年的政党。同样的诉求,不同的条件。
Hopes for greater self-government were largely unfulfilled after World War I; after World War II, increasing anti-imperialist sentiment contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states. Technological and economic gains by the victorious nations shifted the global balance of power — the shared cause of both decolonisation and the Cold War.
第一次世界大战后,对更多自治的期望大体落空;第二次世界大战后,日益增长的反帝情绪促成了帝国的解体与国家的重构。 战胜国的技术与经济收益改变了全球力量平衡——这是去殖民化与冷战共同的原因。