The First World War · 第一次世界大战
Neutrality, then a departure
- After initial neutrality in World War I, the nation entered the conflict, departing from the U.S. foreign policy tradition of noninvolvement in European affairs, in response to Woodrow Wilson's call for the defence of humanitarian and democratic principles.
- Departing from the... tradition of noninvolvement — the CED marks entry as a break with 3.10's Farewell Address.
- And the stated reason is principled: the defence of humanitarian and democratic principles, which is the register 7.2's debate used.
先中立,继而一次背离
- 在第一次世界大战中最初保持中立之后,这个国家参战了,背离了美国不介入欧洲事务的外交政策传统,以回应伍德罗·威尔逊对捍卫人道与民主原则的呼吁。
- 背离了……不介入的传统——CED 把参战标记为对 3.10 告别演说的一次决裂。
- 而所陈述的理由是原则性的:捍卫人道与民主原则,而这正是 7.2 那场辩论所使用的语域。
Entry departed from the tradition of... · 参战背离的是……的传统
3.10's Farewell Address is the tradition meant. · 所指的传统是 3.10 的告别演说。
A limited role with a decisive effect
- Although the American Expeditionary Forces played a relatively limited role in combat, the United States' entry helped to tip the balance of the conflict in favour of the Allies.
- Relatively limited role in combat and helped to tip the balance are both true, and the CED puts them in one sentence.
- So the contribution was as much about resources, credit and the prospect of more troops as about battles fought.
有限的角色,决定性的效果
- 尽管美国远征军在战斗中所起的作用相对有限,美国的参战仍帮助把这场冲突的天平推向了协约国一方。
- 在战斗中所起的作用相对有限与帮助把天平推向都为真,而 CED 把它们写在一句话里。
- 因此这一贡献既关乎所打的仗,也同样关乎资源、信贷与更多兵力的前景。
The stated reason for entry was... · 参战所陈述的理由是……
The same register 7.2's debate used. · 与 7.2 那场辩论所使用的语域相同。
And the Senate refused
- Despite Wilson's deep involvement in postwar negotiations, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.
- So the departure from tradition was temporary at the level of commitment, even though the intervention had happened.
- 3.8 established that ratification is contested; here the same constitutional feature reverses a president's foreign policy.
而参议院拒绝了
- 尽管威尔逊深度参与了战后谈判,美国参议院仍拒绝批准《凡尔赛条约》或加入国际联盟。
- 因此对传统的那次背离,在承诺层面上是暂时的,尽管那次介入确实发生了。
- 3.8 已确立批准是有争议的;在这里,同一项宪制特征逆转了一位总统的外交政策。
Follow the United States into the war and out of it · 跟着美国走进战争,再走出来
The war's domestic effects are what a period-7 prompt usually asks about, not the fighting. · 第七时期的题目通常问的是战争的国内影响,而不是战况。
Select both · 两者 things the CED says about the American contribution. · 选出 CED 关于美国贡献所说的两件事。
Both true, in one sentence. · 两者都为真,写在一句话里。
The country acted and then declined to institutionalise the action. Entry departed from the U.S. foreign policy tradition of noninvolvement, and then the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations — that sequence is 7.1's renewed debate in miniature.
这个国家行动了,然后拒绝把这一行动制度化。参战背离了美国不介入的外交政策传统,随后参议院拒绝批准《凡尔赛条约》或加入国际联盟——这一序列正是 7.1 那场被重新激起的辩论的缩微版。
Select both · 两者 things the Senate refused. · 选出参议院所拒绝的两件事。
The intervention happened; the commitment did not. · 介入发生了;承诺没有。
Why this counts as 'renewing' the debate
- 7.1's thread says global conflicts propelled the United States to power while renewing domestic debates over the nation's proper role.
- Entry, then refusal to ratify, is that renewal in a single sequence: the country acted and then declined to institutionalise the action.
- 7.11 will show the same pattern in the interwar years — involvement without commitment.
这为何算作"重新激起"辩论
- 7.1 的那条线索说全球冲突把美国推上强权地位,同时重新激起了国内关于这个国家应有角色的辩论。
- 参战、继而拒绝批准,正是那种重新激起在一个序列里的呈现:这个国家行动了,然后拒绝把这一行动制度化。
- 7.11 将显示同样的模式出现在两次大战之间的年代——有介入而无承诺。
The country acted and then declined to ____ the action. · 这个国家行动了,然后拒绝把这一行动 ____。
7.11 shows the same pattern between the wars. · 7.11 显示同样的模式出现在两次大战之间。
Causes and consequences
- The objective is the causes and consequences of U.S. involvement in World War I.
- Causes: Wilson's principled call, after a period of neutrality, and a break with the noninvolvement tradition.
- Consequences: a tipped balance despite limited combat, and a Senate refusal that limited what the intervention became.
成因与后果
- 这一目标是美国卷入第一次世界大战的成因与后果。
- 成因:威尔逊原则性的呼吁,发生在一段中立期之后,以及与不介入传统的决裂。
- 后果:尽管作战有限却被推动的天平,以及一次参议院的拒绝,它限定了这次介入最终变成了什么。
A country can send an army abroad and then refuse to sign the arrangement its own president negotiated. The action is not undone; what is refused is the promise to do it again under rules.
一个国家可以把军队派往海外,然后拒绝签署它自己的总统所谈成的安排。那次行动并没有被撤销;被拒绝的是按规则再做一次的承诺。
After initial neutrality in World War I, the nation entered the conflict, departing from the U.S. foreign policy tradition of noninvolvement in European affairs, in response to Woodrow Wilson's call for the defence of humanitarian and democratic principles. Although the American Expeditionary Forces played a relatively limited role in combat, the United States' entry helped to tip the balance of the conflict in favour of the Allies. Despite Wilson's deep involvement in postwar negotiations, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.
在第一次世界大战中最初保持中立之后,这个国家参战了,背离了美国不介入欧洲事务的外交政策传统,以回应伍德罗·威尔逊对捍卫人道与民主原则的呼吁。 尽管美国远征军在战斗中所起的作用相对有限,美国的参战仍帮助把这场冲突的天平推向了协约国一方。 尽管威尔逊深度参与了战后谈判,美国参议院仍拒绝批准《凡尔赛条约》或加入国际联盟。