The 'New South' · '新南方'
Some industry, but not a new economy
- Despite the industrialisation of some segments of the Southern economy — a change promoted by Southern leaders who called for a "New South" — agriculture based on sharecropping and tenant farming continued to be the primary economic activity in the South.
- Despite and continued to be make this a continuity claim wearing the language of change.
- The phrase "New South" is in quotation marks in the CED, which signals a slogan rather than a description.
有一些工业,但不是一种新经济
- 尽管南方经济的某些部分实现了工业化——这一变化由呼吁"新南方"的南方领袖所推动——以佃农制与租佃耕作为基础的农业仍然是南方主要的经济活动。
- 尽管与仍然是使这成为一项披着变化措辞的延续性主张。
- **"新南方"**这一措辞在 CED 中带引号,这示意它是一个口号,而不是一种描述。
The primary economic activity in the South continued to be... · 南方的主要经济活动继续是……
'Despite' and 'continued to be' make this a continuity claim. · ‘尽管’和‘继续是’表明这是一个延续性主张。
Plessy marked an end
- The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson that upheld racial segregation (known as Jim Crow) helped to mark the end of most of the political gains African Americans made during Reconstruction.
- Helped to mark the end is careful — the Court confirmed a process 5.11 described as progressive, rather than starting it.
- Most of the gains, not all — the CED keeps the qualifier, and 5.11 explained why the amendments survived on paper.
普莱西案标志着一个终结
- 最高法院在普莱西诉弗格森案中支持种族隔离(即吉姆·克劳制)的判决,帮助标志着非裔美国人在重建期间所取得的大部分政治成果的终结。
- 帮助标志着……的终结很谨慎——法院确认了 5.11 所描述的一个逐步的过程,而不是开启了它。
- 是大部分成果,不是全部——CED 保留了这一限定,而 5.11 解释了那些修正案为何在纸面上存续。
The CED says Plessy v. Ferguson... · CED指出普莱西诉弗格森案……
It confirmed a process 5.11 called progressive. · 它确认了一个被称为渐进的过程 5.11。
Three pressures, and continued struggle
- Facing increased violence, discrimination, and scientific theories of race, African American reformers continued to fight for political and social equality.
- Three pressures — violence, discrimination, and scientific theories of race — and the third is intellectual, which 6.9's Social Darwinism supplies.
- Continued to fight is the main clause; the pressures are the subordinate one, and that ordering is the CED's choice.
三重压力,以及持续的抗争
- 面对日益增加的暴力、歧视与关于种族的"科学"理论,非裔美国人改革者仍继续为政治与社会平等而抗争。
- 三重压力——暴力、歧视与关于种族的"科学"理论——而第三项是思想上的,由 6.9 的社会达尔文主义所提供。
- 继续抗争是主句;那些压力是从句,而这一顺序是 CED 的选择。
A change, a continuity, or a pressure? · 是一种变化、一种延续，还是一种压力？
Sort each element of the "New South". · 对“新南方”中的每个要素进行排序。
Select all · 所有 three pressures African American reformers faced. · 选择所有三个非洲裔美国改革者面临的压力。
The third is intellectual — 6.9 supplies it. · 第三点是智力层面的——6.9 提供了它。
"New South" is in quotation marks in the CED — it is a slogan, not a finding. Despite industrialisation of some segments, agriculture based on sharecropping and tenant farming continued to be the primary economic activity in the South — measure the programme against what continued.
"新南方"在 CED 中带引号——它是一个口号,不是一项结论。尽管某些部分实现了工业化,以佃农制与租佃耕作为基础的农业仍然是南方主要的经济活动——请用延续下来的东西去衡量那项纲领。
A phrase in quotation marks in the CED should be treated as... · CED中引号内的短语应被视为……
So measure the programme against what continued. · 因此，要将该计划与持续存在的事物进行衡量。
Continuity and change together
- The objective is continuity and change in the "New South", and this subtopic's two bullets give one of each.
- Change: some industrial segments, a promotional programme by leaders, a Supreme Court ruling.
- Continuity: sharecropping and tenant farming as the primary activity, and reformers still fighting.
延续与变化并置
- 这一目标是**"新南方"中的延续与变化**,而本小节的两条要点各给出了一项。
- 变化:某些工业部门、领袖们的一项推广纲领、一项最高法院判决。
- 延续:佃农制与租佃耕作作为主要活动,以及仍在抗争的改革者。
In the CED's sentence, 'continued to ' is the main clause and the pressures are subordinate. · 在CED的句子中，“继续”是主句，而压力是从属成分。
That ordering is the CED's choice. · 这种排序是CED的选择。
Writing about a slogan
- When the CED puts a phrase in quotation marks, treat it as a claim made at the time, not as a finding.
- So the strongest answer explains what the "New South" programme wanted and then measures it against what continued.
- That gap — programme against outcome — is the subtopic's whole argument.
书写一个口号
- 当 CED 给一个措辞加上引号时,把它当作当时被提出的一项主张,而不是一项结论。
- 因此最有力的答案会解释"新南方"纲领想要什么,然后用什么延续了下来去衡量它。
- 那道落差——纲领对结果——就是本小节的全部论证。
A region can build mills and still be a place where most people work land they do not own on terms they do not set. Counting the mills tells you about ambition; counting the tenancies tells you about the economy.
一个地区可以建起工厂,却仍然是一个大多数人在自己并不拥有、条件也不由自己决定的土地上劳作的地方。数工厂告诉你的是抱负;数租佃告诉你的是经济。
Despite the industrialisation of some segments of the Southern economy — a change promoted by Southern leaders who called for a "New South" — agriculture based on sharecropping and tenant farming continued to be the primary economic activity in the South. Plessy v. Ferguson... upheld racial segregation (known as Jim Crow) [and] helped to mark the end of most of the political gains African Americans made during Reconstruction, and facing increased violence, discrimination, and scientific theories of race, African American reformers continued to fight for political and social equality.
尽管南方经济的某些部分实现了工业化——这一变化由呼吁"新南方"的南方领袖所推动——以佃农制与租佃耕作为基础的农业仍然是南方主要的经济活动。 普莱西诉弗格森案……支持了种族隔离(即吉姆·克劳制),并帮助标志着非裔美国人在重建期间所取得的大部分政治成果的终结,而面对日益增加的暴力、歧视与关于种族的"科学"理论,非裔美国人改革者仍继续为政治与社会平等而抗争。