The Mexican-American War · 美墨战争
Territory gained, and questions raised
- The United States added large territories in the West through victory in the Mexican-American War and diplomatic negotiations, raising questions about the status of slavery, American Indians, and Mexicans in the newly acquired lands.
- One acquisition, three status questions — and the CED lists them together because they were decided together.
- And diplomatic negotiations means the gain was not only military, which matters for how the acquisition was justified.
所得的领土,与所引发的问题
- 美国通过在美墨战争中的胜利以及外交谈判,在西部增加了大片领土,并引发了关于新获土地上奴隶制、美洲印第安人与墨西哥人地位的问题。
- 一次获取,三个地位问题——而 CED 把它们并列,因为它们是被一同决定的。
- 以及外交谈判意味着这次所得不只是军事上的,而这对这次获取如何被辩护很重要。
Select all · 所有 three status questions the acquisition raised. · 选出这次获取所引发的全部三个地位问题。
Listed together because they were decided together. · 被并列列出,因为它们是被一同决定的。
What happened to the people already there
- U.S. government interaction and conflict with Mexican Americans and American Indians increased in regions newly taken from American Indians and Mexico, altering these groups' economic self-sufficiency and cultures.
- Newly taken from is the CED's own phrasing, and it names both parties the land was taken from.
- Altering these groups' economic self-sufficiency and cultures is the effect, and self-sufficiency is precise: they had it, and it was reduced.
已经在那里的人们遭遇了什么
- 在新近从美洲印第安人与墨西哥手中夺取的地区,美国政府与墨西哥裔美国人及美洲印第安人的互动与冲突增加,改变了这些群体的经济自给能力与文化。
- 新近……夺取是 CED 自己的措辞,而它点出了土地被夺自的两方。
- 改变了这些群体的经济自给能力与文化是效果,而自给能力很精确:他们原本拥有它,而它被削弱了。
The territories were added through victory and... · 这些领土是通过胜利以及……而增加的
The gain was not only military. · 这次所得不只是军事上的。
Why the slavery question was unavoidable
- 3.7's Northwest Ordinance had already banned slavery in one territory, so Congress had a precedent for deciding.
- 4.3's Missouri Compromise had drawn a line, so a new acquisition immediately asks where the line now runs.
- So new territory does not raise a new question; it re-opens an old one under a fresh map.
奴隶制问题为何无法回避
- 3.7 的《西北法令》已经在一块领地上禁止了奴隶制,因此国会有了作出决定的先例。
- 4.3 的密苏里妥协已经划了一条线,因此新的获取立刻会追问这条线如今落在哪里。
- 因此新领土并不是提出一个新问题;它是在一张新地图上重新打开一个旧问题。
Follow expansion into the crisis it created · 跟着扩张走进它制造的危机
Acquiring land forced the question that could not be avoided: would slavery expand into it? · 获得土地就逼出了无法回避的问题:奴隶制会扩张到那里去吗?
The CED says conflict altered these groups' economic ____ and cultures. · CED 说冲突改变了这些群体的经济 ____ 与文化。
Precise: they had it, and it was reduced. · 很精确:他们原本拥有它,而它被削弱了。
New territory re-opens an old question under a fresh map. The Northwest Ordinance had set a precedent and the Missouri Compromise had drawn a line — so the moment large territories were added, the question of where that line now runs became unavoidable.
新领土是在一张新地图上重新打开一个旧问题。《西北法令》已经确立了先例,密苏里妥协已经划了一条线——因此在大片领土被增加的那一刻,这条线如今落在哪里的问题就变得无法回避。
Match each group to the question the acquisition raised for it. · 把每个群体与这次获取为它引发的问题配对。
Three different questions, named separately by the CED. · 三个不同的问题,由 CED 分别点出。
Three groups, three different questions
- For enslaved people, the question was whether the institution would extend into the new land.
- For American Indians, it was sovereignty and land, continuing 4.8's removal policy.
- For Mexicans in the ceded lands, it was citizenship and property under a new government — a distinct question the CED names separately.
三个群体,三个不同的问题
- 对被奴役者而言,问题是这一制度是否会延伸到新的土地上。
- 对美洲印第安人而言,问题是主权与土地,延续着 4.8 的迁移政策。
- 对割让地上的墨西哥人而言,问题是在一个新政府之下的公民身份与财产——这是 CED 单独点出的一个不同问题。
New territory re-opens an old question rather than raising a new one. · 新领土是重新打开一个旧问题,而不是提出一个新问题。
The Ordinance set a precedent; the Compromise drew a line. · 《西北法令》确立了先例;那项妥协划了一条线。
Causes and effects
- The objective is the causes and effects of the Mexican-American War.
- Causes: 5.2's expansionist argument and the desire for territory to the Pacific.
- Effects: large territorial gain, three unresolved status questions, and increased conflict with the people already living there.
成因与效果
- 这一目标是美墨战争的成因与效果。
- 成因:5.2 的扩张主义论证,以及对抵达太平洋之领土的渴望。
- 效果:大片领土所得、三个未决的地位问题,以及与已经生活在那里的人们之间冲突的增加。
Draw a line across a map to settle an argument, then add land beyond the edge of that map. The line has not been broken; it has simply run out, and everyone can see that the next stretch has to be negotiated from nothing.
在一张地图上划一条线来了结一场争论,然后在这张地图的边缘之外增加土地。这条线并没有被打破;它只是走到了尽头,而每个人都看得出,下一段必须从零开始重新协商。
The United States added large territories in the West through victory in the Mexican-American War and diplomatic negotiations, raising questions about the status of slavery, American Indians, and Mexicans in the newly acquired lands. U.S. government interaction and conflict with Mexican Americans and American Indians increased in regions newly taken from American Indians and Mexico, altering these groups' economic self-sufficiency and cultures.
美国通过在美墨战争中的胜利以及外交谈判,在西部增加了大片领土,并引发了关于新获土地上奴隶制、美洲印第安人与墨西哥人地位的问题。 在新近从美洲印第安人与墨西哥手中夺取的地区,美国政府与墨西哥裔美国人及美洲印第安人的互动与冲突增加,改变了这些群体的经济自给能力与文化。