Expansion, Division, Aftermath · 扩张、分裂、后果
Three claims, and the third contains a limit
- The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
- Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.
- The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.
三项主张,而第三项内含一项限度
- 美国与世界的联系更加紧密,在西半球推行扩张主义的外交政策,并成为许多来自其他国家的移民的目的地。
- 在扩张与不断加深的地区分裂的强化下,围绕奴隶制以及其他经济、文化与政治问题的辩论,把这个国家带入了内战。
- 内战中联邦的胜利以及对南方充满争议的重建,解决了奴隶制与脱离联邦的问题,但留下了关于联邦政府权力与公民权利的许多未决问题。
Select both · 两者 issues the CED says were settled. · 选择CED指出的已解决的两项问题。
The last two were left unresolved. · 后两者未被解决。
'Settled... but left unresolved'
- The third claim is the most important sentence in the unit, because it says exactly what the war did and did not decide.
- Settled: slavery and secession. Left unresolved: federal power and citizenship rights.
- So an answer that treats 1877 as a conclusion contradicts the CED's own summary of the period.
"解决了……但留下了未决"
- 第三项主张是本单元中最重要的一句话,因为它精确地说出了这场战争决定了什么、又没有决定什么。
- 解决了:奴隶制与脱离联邦。留下了未决:联邦权力与公民权利。
- 因此把 1877 年当作一个结论的答案,与 CED 自己对这一时期的总结相矛盾。
The CED makes territorial growth... · CED将领土增长视为……
4.13 explained why an expanding institution forces decisions. · 4.13解释了扩张的制度如何迫使做出决定。
Expansion is the cause of the division
- Intensified by expansion — the CED makes territorial growth the mechanism that sharpened the slavery debate.
- 4.13 explained why: an institution that depletes its soil must move, and every new territory forces a decision.
- So unit 5's first thread produces its second, and saying so is the strongest structural point available.
扩张是这场分裂的成因
- 在扩张……的强化下——CED 把领土的增长当作使奴隶制辩论变得尖锐的机制。
- 4.13 解释了原因:一种耗竭其土壤的制度必须移动,而每一块新领土都迫使一次决定。
- 因此第五单元的第一条线索产生了它的第二条,而说出这一点是可用的最有力的结构性论点。
Which of unit 5's threads? · 属于第5单元的哪条线索？
Sort each statement into its thread. · 将每个陈述归类到其所属线索。
Treating 1877 as a conclusion contradicts the CED's own summary. · 将1877年视为结论与CED自己的总结相矛盾。
Federal power and citizenship rights were left unresolved. · 联邦权力和公民权利未被解决。
"Settled... but left unresolved" is the most important sentence in the unit. The war and Reconstruction settled the issues of slavery and secession but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights — so treating 1877 as a conclusion contradicts the CED's own summary.
"解决了……但留下了未决"是本单元中最重要的一句话。这场战争与重建解决了奴隶制与脱离联邦的问题,却留下了关于联邦政府权力与公民权利的许多未决问题——因此把 1877 年当作一个结论,与 CED 自己的总结相矛盾。
The first thread says the United States emerged as the ____ for many migrants. · 第一条线索称，美国成为许多移民的____。
5.5 shows it producing both communities and a nativist movement. · 5.5展示了它既产生了社区，也催生了排外运动。
And migration is the third element
- Emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries puts immigration in the unit's opening claim.
- 5.5 will show it producing both ethnic communities and a nativist movement, so it is a source of division too.
- Three sources of conflict, then: territorial, sectional, and immigration-related, all in the first thread's vicinity.
而移民是第三个要素
- 成为许多来自其他国家的移民的目的地,把移民放在本单元的开篇主张里。
- 5.5 将显示它既产生了族裔社群,也产生了一场本土主义运动,因此它也是分裂的一个来源。
- 于是有三种冲突来源:领土的、地区的与移民相关的,全都在第一条线索的近旁。
Select all · 所有 three sources of conflict this lesson names. · 选择本课提到的所有三种冲突来源。
All in the first thread's vicinity. · 都在第一条线索附近。
Writing the context
- The objective is the context in which sectional conflict emerged from 1844 to 1877.
- Conditions: an economy already divided by 4.5's uneven networks, an institution required to expand, and a political system that had run out of compromises.
- Name each and what it made possible; the war is what happens when all three arrive together.
书写语境
- 这一目标是1844 至 1877 年间地区冲突得以出现的语境。
- 条件:一个已被 4.5 不均衡网络所分割的经济、一种必须扩张的制度,以及一个已经用尽妥协的政治体系。
- 点出每一项以及它使什么成为可能;而战争正是这三者同时到来时所发生之事。
A war can answer whether a state may leave and whether a person may be owned, and still leave open what a citizen is owed and who decides. The second pair of questions outlives the first by a century.
一场战争可以回答一个州是否可以脱离、一个人是否可以被拥有,却仍然把一个公民应得什么、由谁来决定这些问题留作未决。后一对问题比前一对多活了一个世纪。
Unit 5 opens three claims: the United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy... and emerged as the destination for many migrants; intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery... led the nation into civil war; and the Union victory and contested reconstruction settled the issues of slavery and secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.
第五单元开启三项主张:美国与世界的联系更加紧密,推行扩张主义的外交政策……并成为许多移民的目的地;在扩张与不断加深的地区分裂的强化下,围绕奴隶制的辩论……把这个国家带入了内战;而联邦的胜利与充满争议的重建解决了奴隶制与脱离联邦的问题,但留下了关于联邦政府权力与公民权利的许多未决问题。