Moving West, and Dividing Over Slavery · 西进与分裂于奴隶制
Native nations recalculated repeatedly
- Various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances with Europeans, other tribes, and the United States, seeking to limit migration of white settlers and maintain control of tribal lands and natural resources.
- Repeatedly evaluated and adjusted describes deliberate, ongoing policy — not reaction.
- British alliances with American Indians contributed to tensions between the United States and Britain, so native diplomacy shaped international relations.
原住民各民族反复重新盘算
- 各美洲印第安人群体反复评估并调整他们与欧洲人、其他部落以及美国的同盟关系,力图限制白人定居者的迁入,并维持对部落土地与自然资源的控制。
- 反复评估并调整描述的是有意的、持续进行的政策——不是反应。
- 英国与美洲印第安人的同盟助长了美国与英国之间的紧张,因此原住民的外交塑造了国际关系。
'Repeatedly evaluated and adjusted' describes native alliances as... · ‘Repeatedly evaluated and adjusted（反复评估和调整）’描述了原住民联盟作为...
Not reaction — and it shaped international relations. · 不是反应——它塑造了国际关系。
Frontier cultures kept growing
- As increasing numbers of migrants from North America and other parts of the world continued to move westward, frontier cultures that had emerged in the colonial period continued to grow, fuelling social, political, and ethnic tensions.
- Continued appears twice: both the migration and the cultures are carried over from before independence.
- Three kinds of tension are named — social, political, and ethnic — and they are different, not synonyms.
边疆文化持续生长
- 随着来自北美与世界其他地区的移民不断增多并持续西迁,殖民时期出现的边疆文化继续生长,助长了社会的、政治的与族群的紧张。
- 持续出现了两次:迁徙与这些文化都是从独立之前延续下来的。
- 点出了三类紧张——社会的、政治的与族群的——而它们是不同的,不是同义词。
Select all · 所有 three kinds of tension frontier growth fuelled. · 选择所有三种边疆增长引发的紧张局势类型。
They are different, not synonyms. · 它们是不同的，不是同义词。
Two opposite movements about slavery
- The expansion of slavery in the deep South and adjacent western lands and rising antislavery sentiment began to create distinctive regional attitudes toward slavery.
- One sentence holds expansion and rising antislavery sentiment together, and the result is regional distinctiveness.
- Began to create marks a starting point — this is where the sectional problem of units 4 and 5 originates.
关于奴隶制的两种相反运动
- 奴隶制在深南部及其毗邻西部土地上的扩张,以及不断上升的反奴隶制情绪,开始造就出对奴隶制各具特色的地区性态度。
- 一句话同时容纳了扩张与上升的反奴隶制情绪,而结果是地区性的各具特色。
- 开始造就标示出一个起点——第四与第五单元中的地区问题正是从这里起源。
Native diplomacy, frontier tension, or the slavery divide? · 原住民外交、边疆紧张局势还是奴隶制的分裂？
Sort each element of westward movement. · 对西进运动的每个元素进行排序。
Select both · 两者 movements the CED puts in one sentence about slavery. · 选择CED放在同一句关于奴隶制的两个运动。
Together they began to create distinctive regional attitudes. · 它们共同开始形成独特的地区态度。
An attitude becomes a region when geography and economy sort the people who hold it. The CED puts the expansion of slavery in the deep South and adjacent western lands and rising antislavery sentiment in one sentence, and says together they began to create distinctive regional attitudes — the sectional problem of units 4 and 5 starts here.
当地理与经济把持有某种态度的人分门别类之后,一种态度就变成了一个地区。CED 把奴隶制在深南部及其毗邻西部土地上的扩张与不断上升的反奴隶制情绪写在一句话里,并说两者合在一起开始造就出各具特色的地区性态度——第四与第五单元的地区问题从这里开始。
'____ to create distinctive regional attitudes' marks a starting point. · ‘____ to create distinctive regional attitudes（开始形成独特的地区态度）’标志了一个起点。
The sectional problem of units 4 and 5 originates here. · 第4和第5单元的部门问题起源于此。
Why the two movements produced regions
- Expansion happened where the crop and the land allowed; antislavery sentiment rose where the labour system was not the economic base.
- 3.7's Northwest Ordinance had already banned slavery in one territory, which draws a line on a map.
- So an attitude becomes a region when geography and economy sort the people who hold it.
这两种运动为何产生了地区
- 扩张发生在作物与土地允许之处;反奴隶制情绪则在那种劳动制度并非经济基础的地方上升。
- 3.7 的《西北法令》已经在一块领地上禁止了奴隶制,而这在地图上划了一条线。
- 因此当地理与经济把持有某种态度的人分门别类之后,一种态度就变成了一个地区。
The link between 3.12's two objectives is... · 3.12中两个目标之间的联系是...
It produced frontier tension and carried slavery into new lands. · 它产生了边疆紧张局势并且将奴隶制带入了新土地。
Two objectives, one movement
- 3.12 asks about migration and immigration causing competition and conflict and about regional attitudes about slavery as it expanded.
- Westward movement is the link: it produced frontier tension and carried slavery into new lands.
- State the link once and both objectives are answered from the same evidence.
两个目标,一场移动
- 3.12 追问迁徙与移民如何造成竞争与冲突,以及随着奴隶制扩张而形成的地区性态度。
- 西进移动是那条纽带:它既产生了边疆的紧张,也把奴隶制带入了新的土地。
- 把这条纽带陈述一次,两个目标就都由同一批证据得到了回答。
Two neighbours can disagree about a practice for a lifetime and it stays a disagreement. Draw a boundary so that everyone on one side agrees with one of them, and the same disagreement has become a border.
两个邻居可以就某种做法分歧一辈子,而它始终只是一场分歧。划一条边界,使一侧的所有人都与其中一方看法一致,同一场分歧就变成了一条国境线。
Various American Indian groups repeatedly evaluated and adjusted their alliances... seeking to limit migration of white settlers and maintain control of tribal lands, and British alliances with American Indians contributed to tensions between the United States and Britain. Frontier cultures that had emerged in the colonial period continued to grow, fuelling social, political, and ethnic tensions. The expansion of slavery in the deep South and adjacent western lands and rising antislavery sentiment began to create distinctive regional attitudes toward slavery.
各美洲印第安人群体反复评估并调整他们的同盟关系……力图限制白人定居者的迁入并维持对部落土地的控制,而英国与美洲印第安人的同盟助长了美国与英国之间的紧张。殖民时期出现的边疆文化继续生长,助长了社会的、政治的与族群的紧张。 奴隶制在深南部及其毗邻西部土地上的扩张,以及不断上升的反奴隶制情绪,开始造就出对奴隶制各具特色的地区性态度。