Why the Patriots Won · 爱国者为何获胜
The odds, stated first
- Despite considerable loyalist opposition, as well as Great Britain's apparently overwhelming military and financial advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded...
- The CED opens with what should have prevented the outcome: loyalist opposition and overwhelming British advantages.
- Apparently is doing work — it signals that the advantages did not translate into victory, and asks why.
先陈述形势
- 尽管存在相当规模的效忠派反对,以及大不列颠看似压倒性的军事与财政优势,爱国者的事业仍然成功了……
- CED 先说出本应阻止这一结果的东西:效忠派的反对与压倒性的英国优势。
- 看似在起作用——它示意这些优势并未转化为胜利,并追问为什么。
Select all · 所有 the reasons the CED gives for Patriot success. · 选择 CED 给出的爱国者成功的所有原因。
Five factors, unranked. · 五个因素，无排名。
Five reasons, listed
- ...because of the actions of colonial militias and the Continental Army, George Washington's military leadership, the colonists' ideological commitment and resilience, and assistance sent by European allies.
- Five factors: two military forces, one leader, one attribute of the population, and one external contribution.
- The CED gives no ranking, so an answer naming only Washington or only France has taken a fifth of the claim.
被列出的五项原因
- ……因为殖民地民兵与大陆军的行动、乔治·华盛顿的军事领导、殖民者的意识形态承诺与韧性,以及欧洲盟友所送来的援助。
- 五项因素:两支军事力量、一位领袖、民众的一项特质,以及一项外部贡献。
- CED 没有给出排序,因此只点出华盛顿或只点出法国的答案,只取了这一主张的五分之一。
'Apparently overwhelming' signals that... · '看似压倒性' 表明...
And asks why. · 并询问原因。
Loyalist opposition was 'considerable'
- The CED does not describe a united colonial population, and that matters for how the war is understood.
- It was a war within the colonies as well as against Britain, which is why the Patriot cause needed resilience.
- Recording that accurately is more useful than a story of unanimous rebellion.
效忠派的反对是"相当规模的"
- CED 并没有描述一个团结一致的殖民地人口,而这一点对如何理解这场战争很重要。
- 它既是一场对抗英国的战争,也是一场殖民地内部的战争,这正是爱国者事业需要韧性的原因。
- 准确记录这一点,比一个全体一致起义的故事更有用。
An obstacle, a Patriot strength, or outside help? · 是一个障碍、爱国者的优势还是外部援助？
Sort each element of the American victory. · 对美国胜利因素的每个要素进行分类。
The CED describes considerable loyalist opposition, not a united population. · CED 描述了相当大的保皇派反对力量，而非团结一致的民众。
A war inside the colonies as well as against Britain. · 一场发生在殖民地内部以及对英国的战争。
Loyalist opposition was "considerable", and the CED says so first. This was a war inside the colonies as well as against Britain — which is why the Patriot cause needed resilience, and why a story of unanimous rebellion is less accurate than the CED's own sentence.
效忠派的反对是"相当规模的",而 CED 首先就说了这一点。这既是一场对抗英国的战争,也是一场殖民地内部的战争——这正是爱国者事业需要韧性的原因,也是全体一致起义的故事不如 CED 自己那句话准确的原因。
The motive of the European allies is best explained by... · 欧洲盟友的动机最好解释为...
A continuation of the rivalry, not a judgement about ideals. · 竞争的延续，而非对理想的评判。
European allies, and why they helped
- Assistance sent by European allies is the CED's phrase, and 3.2 explains the motive without stating it.
- A power that lost territory and prestige in the Seven Years' War has a reason to weaken the victor.
- So the alliance is a continuation of the imperial rivalry, not a judgement about republican ideals.
欧洲盟友,以及他们为何相助
- 欧洲盟友所送来的援助是 CED 的措辞,而 3.2 在没有明说的情况下解释了动机。
- 一个在七年战争中失去领土与威望的强权,有理由削弱那个胜利者。
- 因此这一同盟是帝国对抗的延续,而不是对共和理想的评判。
The sentence that raises an answer above a list explains how the factors . · 将列表上方的答案引出的句子解释了这些因素如何__。
Commitment sustained the army; the army kept the cause alive for allies to join. · 坚持维持了军队；军队使事业得以延续，吸引盟友加入。
Various factors, weighed
- The objective is how various factors contributed to the American victory — various invites more than one.
- A strong answer gives three of the five and says how they interacted: commitment sustained the army, the army kept the cause alive long enough for allies to join.
- The interaction sentence is what raises an answer above a list.
被权衡的诸因素
- 这一目标是各种因素如何促成了美国的胜利——各种要求不止一项。
- 一份有力的答案会给出五项中的三项,并说明它们如何互动:承诺维系了军队,而军队使这项事业存续得足够久,以至于盟友得以加入。
- 那句关于互动的话,正是把答案抬高到清单之上的东西。
An army that cannot win a decisive battle can still win a war by not being destroyed, because the other side must pay for every month it stays. Endurance is a strategy, not a consolation.
一支打不赢决定性战役的军队,仍然可以靠不被消灭来赢得战争,因为对方必须为它留在那里的每一个月付账。坚持是一种战略,不是一种安慰。
Despite considerable loyalist opposition, as well as Great Britain's apparently overwhelming military and financial advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded because of the actions of colonial militias and the Continental Army, George Washington's military leadership, the colonists' ideological commitment and resilience, and assistance sent by European allies. Five factors, unranked — and the apparently invites the question of why overwhelming advantages did not decide it.
尽管存在相当规模的效忠派反对,以及大不列颠看似压倒性的军事与财政优势,爱国者的事业仍然成功了,因为殖民地民兵与大陆军的行动、乔治·华盛顿的军事领导、殖民者的意识形态承诺与韧性,以及欧洲盟友所送来的援助。五项因素,没有排序——而看似引出了这样一个问题:压倒性的优势为何没有决定结局。