Positive Psychology · 积极心理学
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Positive psychology/ˈpɒzɪtɪv saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ | 积极心理学 | jī jí xīn lǐ xué |
| well-being/wel ˈbiːɪŋ/ | 幸福感 | xìng fú gǎn |
| resilience/rɪˈsɪlɪəns/ | 心理韧性 | xīn lǐ rèn xìng |
| gratitude/ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ | 感恩 | gǎn ēn |
| subjective well-being/sʌbˈdʒektɪv wel ˈbiːɪŋ/ | 主观幸福感 | zhǔ guān xìng fú gǎn |
| Posttraumatic growth/ˌpəʊstrəˈmætɪk ɡrəʊθ/ | 创伤后成长 | chuāng shāng hòu chéng zhǎng |
| signature strengths/ˈsɪɡnɪtʃə streŋθs/ | 标志性优势 | biāo zhì xìng yōu shì |
| virtues/ˈvɜːtʃuːz/ | 美德 | měi dé |
A field defined by the question it asks
- Most of psychology asks what goes wrong and how to fix it.
- Positive psychology 积极心理学 asks what makes things go well.
- It is not optimism as an attitude — it is a research programme with measurable outcomes.
一个由其所提问题界定的领域
- 心理学的多数领域追问的是哪里出了问题、如何修复。
- 积极心理学(positive psychology)追问的是什么使事情变好。
- 它不是一种乐观的态度——它是一项有可测量结果的研究纲领。
What it studies
- It seeks factors that lead to well-being 幸福感, resilience 心理韧性, positive emotions and psychological health.
- Each of those is treated as an outcome to be explained, not assumed.
- The field's claim is that flourishing has causes, and causes can be found.
它研究什么
- 它寻找通向幸福感(well-being)、心理韧性(resilience)、积极情绪与心理健康的各种因素。
- 其中每一项都被当作有待解释的结果,而不是被默认的前提。
- 该领域的主张是:繁盛是有原因的,而原因是可以被找到的。
Select all · 所有 the outcomes positive psychology seeks to explain. · 选择积极心理学试图解释的所有结果。
Reuptake is a biological mechanism, not an outcome positive psychology studies. · 再摄取是一种生物机制，不是积极心理学研究的结果。
Gratitude
- Expressing gratitude 感恩 increases subjective well-being 主观幸福感.
- The CED names it as a positive subjective experience with a measured effect.
- The finding is about expressing it, not merely feeling it.
感恩
- 表达感恩(gratitude)会提高主观幸福感(subjective well-being)。
- CED 把它列为一种有实测效果的积极主观体验。
- 这一发现关乎表达感恩,而不只是感受到它。
Which positive psychology finding? · 哪项积极心理学的发现？
Sort each action or outcome by the finding it belongs to. · 按所属的发现对每个行为或结果进行分类。
The CED's finding about gratitude is that... · CED关于感恩的发现是……
The finding is about expressing gratitude, and the outcome is measurable. · 该发现涉及表达感恩，且结果是可测量的。
Posttraumatic growth does not mean trauma is beneficial. It means growth is one possible outcome among several. Writing that trauma "makes people stronger" states something the research does not support and the CED does not say.
创伤后成长并不意味着创伤有益。它意味着成长是若干可能结果之一。写下创伤"使人更坚强",陈述的是研究并不支持、CED 也未曾说过的东西。
Something you are both good at and find energising is a signature . · 你既擅长又感到充满活力的事物是签名。
The CED's claim is about exercising signature strengths, not merely possessing them. · CED的主张是关于运用签名优势，而不仅仅是拥有它们。
Match each positive subjective experience to its effect. · 将每种积极主观体验与其效果匹配。
The first two are actions with measured effects; the third is a possible outcome. · 前两者是具有可测量效果的行为；第三种是可能的结果。
Signature strengths
- People who exercise their signature strengths 标志性优势 or virtues 美德 report higher levels of positive experience.
- A strength is something you are good at and find energising.
- The claim is about using them, not about having them.
标志性优势
- 运用自己的标志性优势(signature strengths)或美德(virtues)的人,报告的积极体验水平更高。
- 优势是指你既擅长又能从中获得能量的东西。
- 这一主张关乎运用它们,而不是关乎拥有它们。
Posttraumatic growth means that trauma is beneficial. · 创伤后成长意味着创伤是有利的。
It means growth is one possible outcome among several — not that trauma is good. · 这意味着成长是多种可能结果中的一种——并非指创伤本身是好的。
Posttraumatic growth
- Posttraumatic growth 创伤后成长 may follow the experience of trauma or severe stress.
- It does not mean the trauma was good, or that growth always follows.
- It means that growth is one possible outcome among several, and the CED lists it as a positive subjective experience.
创伤后成长
- 创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth)可能在经历创伤或严重压力之后出现。
- 这并不意味着创伤是好事,也不意味着成长必然随之而来。
- 它意味着成长是若干可能结果之一,而 CED 把它列为一种积极主观体验。
Participants asked to write down three things they were grateful for each week reported higher subjective well-being than a control group weeks later. A small, specific, repeated action produced a measurable change — which is what makes it a finding rather than advice.
被要求每周写下三件感恩之事的被试,数周后报告的主观幸福感高于对照组。一个微小、具体、重复的行动带来了可测量的变化——正是这一点使它成为一项发现,而不是一句建议。
Positive psychology studies the causes of well-being and resilience. Expressing gratitude raises subjective well-being, exercising signature strengths raises positive experience, and posttraumatic growth is one possible outcome after trauma — not a guaranteed or desirable one.
积极心理学研究幸福感与心理韧性的成因。表达感恩提升主观幸福感,运用标志性优势提升积极体验,而创伤后成长是创伤之后可能的结果之一——既非必然,也非值得追求之事。