The Nervous System · 神经系统
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| central nervous system/ˈsentrəl ˈnɜːvəs ˈsɪstəm/ | 中枢神经系统 | zhōng shū shén jīng xì tǒng |
| spinal cord/ˈspaɪnl kɔːd/ | 脊髓 | jí suǐ |
| peripheral nervous system/pəˈrɪfərəl ˈnɜːvəs ˈsɪstəm/ | 周围神经系统 | zhōu wéi shén jīng xì tǒng |
| somatic/səˈmætɪk/ | 躯体的 | qū tǐ de |
| autonomic/ɔːtəˈnɒmɪk/ | 自主的 | zì zhǔ de |
| sympathetic/ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ | 交感 | jiāo gǎn |
| parasympathetic/ˌpærəˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ | 副交感 | fù jiāo gǎn |
Pull your hand back before you feel the heat
- Touch something hot and your hand moves before you notice the pain.
- Two different parts of the body did those two jobs, at two different speeds.
- Unit 1 is about which part does what.
在感到烫之前就把手缩回来
- 碰到烫的东西,你的手会在你察觉到疼痛之前就移开。
- 身体的两个不同部分完成了这两件事,速度也不同。
- 第一单元讲的就是哪个部分负责什么。
The central nervous system
- The central nervous system 中枢神经系统 (CNS) is the brain and the spinal cord 脊髓.
- It interacts with every process in the body.
- It is where decisions are made and where most sensation is finally registered.
中枢神经系统
- 中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)是大脑与脊髓(spinal cord)。
- 它与身体的每一个过程互动。
- 它是作出决定之处,也是多数感觉最终被记录之处。
The central nervous system consists of... · 中枢神经系统包括…
The CNS is the brain plus the spinal cord · 脊髓; everything else is peripheral. · 中枢神经系统是大脑加上脊髓；其余均为周围部分。
The peripheral nervous system
- The peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统 (PNS) relays messages between the CNS and the rest of the body.
- Its somatic 躯体的 branch carries voluntary movement — raising your hand.
- Its autonomic 自主的 branch runs involuntary processes — heartbeat, digestion.
周围神经系统
- 周围神经系统(peripheral nervous system,PNS)在中枢神经系统与身体其余部分之间传递信息。
- 它的躯体(somatic)分支负责随意运动——比如举手。
- 它的自主(autonomic)分支运行不随意过程——心跳、消化。
Which part of the nervous system? · 属于神经系统的哪一部分？
Place each structure or job in the right branch. · 将每个结构或功能归类到相应的分支。
The ____ branch of the peripheral nervous system runs involuntary processes such as digestion. · 周围神经系统的____分支管理消化等自主过程。
The autonomic branch handles involuntary processes; the somatic branch handles voluntary movement. · 自主分支处理自主过程；躯体分支处理随意运动。
Select all · 所有 processes run by the autonomic nervous system. · 选择所有由自主神经系统管理的过程。
Choosing to stand up is voluntary, so it belongs to the somatic branch. · 选择站立是随意的，因此属于躯体分支。
Do not treat autonomic as meaning "automatic and unchangeable". Breathing is autonomic and you can still hold your breath; the two branches also overlap in time rather than switching cleanly from one to the other.
不要把自主理解为"自动且不可改变"。呼吸是自主的,而你仍然可以憋气;两个分支在时间上也是重叠的,而不是干净地从一个切换到另一个。
The parasympathetic branch prepares the body for fight or flight. · 副交感神经分支为战斗或逃跑做准备。
That is the sympathetic branch. The parasympathetic branch calms the body afterwards. · 这是交感神经分支。副交感神经分支随后使身体平静下来。
Two branches that work against each other
- The sympathetic 交感 branch prepares the body for action — the "fight or flight" response.
- The parasympathetic 副交感 branch calms the body afterwards.
- They oppose each other on purpose: one spends resources, the other restores them.
两个彼此相反的分支
- 交感(sympathetic)分支使身体准备行动——即"战斗或逃跑"反应。
- 副交感(parasympathetic)分支随后使身体平静下来。
- 两者有意彼此相反:一个消耗资源,另一个恢复资源。
Match each branch to its job. · 将每个分支与其功能匹配。
Somatic = voluntary; sympathetic = arouse; parasympathetic = calm. · 躯体=随意；交感=唤醒；副交感=平静。
Holding the whole tree
- Nervous system splits into central and peripheral.
- Peripheral splits into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary).
- Autonomic splits into sympathetic (arouse) and parasympathetic (calm).
把整棵树记住
- 神经系统分为中枢与周围。
- 周围神经系统分为躯体(随意)与自主(不随意)。
- 自主神经系统分为交感(唤起)与副交感(平静)。
You hear a loud bang. Your heart rate jumps, your pupils widen and digestion slows — the sympathetic branch. A minute later you realise it was a door, and your heart slows again — the parasympathetic branch restoring the body.
你听到一声巨响。心率飙升、瞳孔放大、消化减缓——这是交感分支。一分钟后你意识到那只是一扇门,心跳又慢下来——副交感分支正在恢复身体。
The CNS is brain plus spinal cord. The PNS carries messages to and from it, splitting into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary), and the autonomic splits again into sympathetic (arouse) and parasympathetic (calm).
中枢神经系统是大脑加脊髓。周围神经系统在两个方向上传递信息,分为躯体(随意)与自主(不随意),而自主神经系统又分为交感(唤起)与副交感(平静)。