Spatial Organization of Agriculture · 农业的空间组织
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| bid-rent theory/bɪd rent ˈθɪəri/ | 竞租理论 | jìng zū lǐ lùn |
Land, cost, and distance
- Where a farm locates depends on land cost and distance to market.
- Bid-rent theory 竞租理论 explains why land near a market is used more intensively.
- Land near the market is expensive, so it must earn more per hectare.
土地、成本与距离
- 农场选址取决于地价和到市场的距离。
- 竞租理论(bid-rent theory)解释为何靠近市场的土地被更集约地利用。
- 靠近市场的土地贵,所以每公顷必须挣得更多。
Bid-rent theory says land close to the market is used... · 地租理论指出，靠近市场的土地被用于...
Expensive near-market land must earn more, so it is farmed intensively. · 靠近市场的高价土地必须获得更高收益，因此实行集约化耕作。
The bid-rent curve
- Land value falls with distance from the market (the bid-rent curve slopes down).
- So intensive, high-value farming crowds near the market.
- Extensive, low-value farming (ranching) locates far away where land is cheap.
竞租曲线
- 土地价值随离市场的距离而下降(竞租曲线向下倾斜)。
- 所以集约、高价值的农业挤在市场附近。
- 粗放、低价值的农业(放牧)位于土地便宜的远处。
Near or far from the market? · 靠近还是远离市场？
Sort each farm by where bid-rent theory puts it. · 根据地租理论对每个农场的位置进行排序。
The bid-rent curve shows land value falling as distance from the market grows. · 地租曲线显示，随着距离市场的增加，土地价值下降。
Land is dearest at the market and cheaper farther out. · 土地在市场处最贵，越远越便宜。
Select all · 所有 farms that locate near the market. · 选择所有位于靠近市场地区的农场。
Perishable, intensive farming is near; extensive ranching is far. · 易腐、集约化农业靠近市场；粗放型放牧远离市场。
Match each to its location. · 将每项与其位置相匹配。
Dairy near; grain far; bid-rent = land value falling with distance. · 乳制品靠近；谷物远离；地租 = 土地价值随距离下降。
Transport costs matter
- Perishable and heavy goods cost more to move, so they locate near the market.
- Durable, light goods can be grown far away.
- This trade-off between land cost and transport cost shapes land use.
运输成本很重要
- 易腐和沉重的货物运输成本更高,所以它们位于市场附近。
- 耐储、轻便的货物可以在远处种植。
- 地价与运输成本之间的权衡塑造了土地利用。
Perishable, heavy goods locate near the market because they have high ____ costs. · 易腐、沉重的货物位于靠近市场的地方，因为它们具有高的____成本。
High transport cost pulls perishable goods close to the market. · 高运输成本将易腐货物拉向市场附近。
Bid-rent is a trade-off, not a single rule. A crop near the market pays high land cost but low transport cost; far away it is the reverse. Farmers locate where the total of land + transport cost is lowest for their crop.
竞租是一种权衡,而非单一规则。靠近市场的作物付高地价但低运输成本;在远处则相反。农民会选在其作物的土地+运输总成本最低的地方。
Fresh milk is perishable and heavy, so dairy farms cluster near the city despite high land prices. Grain stores and ships cheaply, so it grows far out where land is cheap. Each crop finds the spot where land + transport cost is lowest.
鲜牛奶易腐且沉重,所以乳业农场尽管地价高仍挤在城市附近。谷物储运便宜,所以它在土地便宜的远处种植。每种作物都找到土地+运输成本最低的地方。
Bid-rent theory says land value falls with distance from the market, so intensive, high-value farming crowds near it and extensive, low-value farming locates far out. Farmers balance land cost against transport cost to choose a location.
竞租理论认为土地价值随离市场的距离下降,所以集约、高价值农业挤在附近,而粗放、低价值农业位于远处。农民权衡地价与运输成本来选址。