Political Processes · 政治进程
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| self-determination/self dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ | 民族自决 | mín zú zì jué |
| decolonisation/dɪˌkɒlənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 非殖民化 | fēi zhí mín huà |
| devolution/dɪvəˈluːʃn/ | 权力下放 | quán lì xià fàng |
| balkanisation/ˌbɔːlkənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 巴尔干化 | bā ěr gàn huà |
How states form and change
- States are not permanent — they form, split, and merge over time.
- Self-determination 民族自决 is a people's right to govern themselves.
- It drove the wave of independence after empires broke up.
国家如何形成与变化
- 国家不是永久的——它们随时间形成、分裂和合并。
- 民族自决(self-determination)是一个民族自我治理的权利。
- 它推动了帝国瓦解后的独立浪潮。
A people's right to govern themselves is called... · 人民治理自身的权利称为……
Self-determination drove decolonisation and independence movements. · 自决推动了去殖民化和独立运动。
From colony to country
- Colonialism left a world of empires ruling distant lands.
- After 1945, decolonisation 非殖民化 created dozens of new states in Africa and Asia.
- But colonial borders often ignored the nations living inside them.
从殖民地到国家
- 殖民主义留下了一个帝国统治遥远土地的世界。
- 1945 年后,非殖民化(decolonisation)在非洲和亚洲创造了数十个新国家。
- 但殖民边界常常无视生活在其中的民族。
Which political process? · 哪种政治进程？
Sort each example by the political process it shows. · 根据所示的政治进程对每个例子进行分类。
Decolonisation after 1945 created many new independent states. · 1945年后的去殖民化创建了许多新的独立国家。
Dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia became states. · 非洲和亚洲的数十个殖民地成为了国家。
Select all · 所有 ways states can change. · 选择所有国家发生变化的方式。
Independence, devolution, and unification change states; weather does not. · 独立、分权和统一改变国家；天气不会。
Match each term to its meaning. · 将下列术语与其含义匹配。
Decolonisation = new states; balkanisation = hostile fragmentation; self-determination = self-rule. · 去殖民化 = 新国家；巴尔干化 = 敌对分裂；自决 = 自治。
Splitting and joining
- Devolution 权力下放 gives regions more power and can lead to breakup.
- Balkanisation 巴尔干化 is when a state fragments into hostile smaller units.
- States can also unify (like Germany in 1990).
分裂与合并
- 权力下放(devolution)给地区更多权力,可能导致分裂。
- 巴尔干化(balkanisation)是指一个国家分裂成互相敌对的小单元。
- 国家也可以统一(如 1990 年的德国)。
Transferring power from a central government down to regions is called . · 将权力从中央政府转移到地区称为。
Devolution gives regions more self-rule and can lead to breakup. · 分权赋予地区更多自治权，可能导致分裂。
Colonial independence did not fix everything. Many new states inherited superimposed colonial borders that split nations or forced rivals together — a root cause of later conflict. Self-determination and existing borders often clash.
殖民地独立并没有解决一切。许多新国家继承了叠加的殖民边界,分割了民族或迫使对手共处一国——这是后来冲突的根源之一。民族自决与既有边界常常冲突。
After WWII, dozens of African colonies won independence through self-determination. But their borders were the old colonial lines drawn in Europe, cutting across ethnic groups — which later fuelled civil conflict in several new states.
二战后,数十个非洲殖民地通过民族自决赢得独立。但它们的边界是欧洲划定的旧殖民线,切割了族群——后来在若干新国家引发了内战。
States form and change through self-determination (a people's right to self-rule), decolonisation (new states after empire), devolution (regions gaining power), and even unification. Inherited colonial borders often clash with the nations inside them.
国家通过民族自决(自治权利)、非殖民化(帝国后的新国家)、权力下放(地区获得权力)乃至统一而形成和变化。继承的殖民边界常与其中的民族冲突。