Forced and Voluntary Migration · 强制迁移与自愿迁移
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| voluntary migration/ˈvɒləntəri maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ | 自愿迁移 | zì yuàn qiān yí |
| forced migration/fɔːst maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ | 强迫迁移 | qiǎng pò qiān yí |
| refugee/ˈrefjuːdʒiː/ | 难民 | nàn mín |
| internally displaced person/ɪnˈtɜːnəli dɪˈspleɪst ˈpɜːsn/ | 境内流离失所者 | jìng nèi liú lí shī suǒ zhě |
| transnational migration/trænˈsnæʃənl maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ | 跨国迁移 | kuà guó qiān yí |
Two kinds of move
- Migration divides into voluntary and forced.
- Voluntary migration 自愿迁移 is by choice, usually for economic reasons.
- Forced migration 强迫迁移 is against a person's will.
两种迁移
- 迁移分为自愿和被迫两种。
- 自愿迁移(voluntary migration)是出于选择,通常为经济原因。
- 强迫迁移(forced migration)是违背个人意愿的。
Voluntary migration is usually driven by economic reasons. · 自愿迁移通常由经济原因驱动。
Most voluntary migrants move for jobs and a better standard of living. · 大多数自愿移民是为了工作和更高的生活水平而迁移。
Refugees and the displaced
- A refugee 难民 flees across a border to escape danger.
- An internally displaced person 境内流离失所者 (IDP) flees but stays inside their own country.
- War, persecution, and disaster are the main causes of forced migration.
难民与流离失所者
- 难民(refugee)为逃避危险而越过边界。
- 境内流离失所者(internally displaced person, IDP)逃离但仍留在本国境内。
- 战争、迫害和灾害是强迫迁移的主要原因。
Voluntary or forced? · 自愿还是强制？
Sort each move as voluntary or forced migration. · 将每次迁移归类为自愿迁移或强制迁移。
A refugee is a person who... · 难民是指……的人
A refugee crosses a border to escape danger; an IDP stays inside their country. · 难民跨越边界逃离危险；国内流离失所者留在本国境内。
Someone forced to flee but who stays inside their own country is an internally ____ person. · 被迫逃离但留在本国境内的人是内部____人。
An internally displaced person (IDP) has not crossed a border. · 内部流离失所者 (IDP) 没有跨越边界。
Select all · 所有 causes of forced migration. · 选择所有强制迁移的原因。
War, persecution, and disaster force people to move; a better salary is a voluntary pull. · 战争、迫害和灾难迫使人们迁移；更好的薪资是自愿拉力。
Types of movement
- International migration crosses a national border; internal migration stays within a country.
- Transnational migration 跨国迁移 keeps strong ties to both the origin and destination.
- Much internal migration is rural-to-urban — the move to cities.
迁移的类型
- 国际迁移跨越国界;国内迁移停留在一国之内。
- 跨国迁移(transnational migration)与原居地和目的地都保持紧密联系。
- 许多国内迁移是乡村到城市——搬进城市。
Match each term to its meaning. · 将下列术语与其含义匹配。
Refugee = crossed a border; IDP = did not; voluntary = a free choice. · 难民 = 跨越了边界；IDP = 未跨越；自愿 = 自由的选择。
A refugee has crossed an international border; an IDP has not. This distinction matters legally — refugees have protections under international law that IDPs, still inside their own country, often do not.
难民已越过国界;境内流离失所者没有。这一区分在法律上很重要——难民在国际法下有保护,而仍在本国境内的流离失所者往往没有。
A family that leaves the countryside for the city to find factory work is a voluntary, internal, rural-to-urban migration. A family that flees across a border to escape a war is forced migration — they become refugees.
一个为找工厂工作而离开乡村进城的家庭,是自愿、国内、乡村到城市的迁移。一个为逃避战争而越境的家庭,是强迫迁移——他们成为难民。
Voluntary migration is by choice (usually economic); forced migration is against one's will. A refugee crosses a border to escape danger; an IDP stays inside their country. Movement may be international or internal (often rural-to-urban).
自愿迁移出于选择(通常经济性);强迫迁移违背意愿。难民越境逃避危险;境内流离失所者留在本国境内。迁移可以是国际的或国内的(常为乡村到城市)。