Geographic Data · 地理数据
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Geographic data/ˌdʒɪəˈɡræfɪk ˈdeɪtə/ | 地理数据 | dì lǐ shù jù |
| GIS/ˌdʒiː aɪ ˈes/ | 地理信息系统 | dì lǐ xìn xī xì tǒng |
| Remote sensing/rɪˈməʊt ˈsensɪŋ/ | 遥感 | yáo gǎn |
Data tied to a place
- Geographic data 地理数据 is any information linked to a location.
- Geographers collect it in the field (counting, surveying, interviewing) and remotely with technology.
- Good data is the raw material of every map and every decision.
与地点相关的数据
- 地理数据(geographic data)是任何与位置相关的信息。
- 地理学家在实地(数数、测量、访谈)以及用技术远程采集数据。
- 好的数据是每张地图、每个决策的原材料。
Geospatial technologies
- GIS 地理信息系统 layers many kinds of spatial data so patterns can be compared.
- GPS pinpoints an exact location on Earth using satellites.
- Remote sensing 遥感 gathers data from satellites or aircraft without touching the ground.
地理空间技术
- 地理信息系统(GIS)把多种空间数据分层叠加,以便比较格局。
- GPS(全球定位系统)用卫星精确定位地球上的某一点。
- 遥感(remote sensing)从卫星或飞机采集数据,而不接触地面。
Field or geospatial technology? · 野外调查还是地理空间技术？
Sort each data source as collected in the field or by a geospatial technology. · 将每个数据来源分类为野外采集或由地理空间技术采集。
The technology that layers many kinds of spatial data to compare patterns is... · 能够叠加多种空间数据以比较模式的科技是……
GIS (Geographic Information System) layers spatial data so relationships appear. · GIS（地理信息系统）叠加空间数据以便显现关系。
GPS is used mainly to find an exact location on Earth. · GPS主要用于确定地球上的精确位置。
GPS uses satellites to pinpoint location; GIS is for analysis and remote sensing is for data capture. · GPS利用卫星精确定位；GIS用于分析，遥感用于数据采集。
Gathering data from satellites or aircraft without touching the ground is called remote . · 从卫星或飞机上收集数据而不接触地面的过程称为远程。
Remote sensing captures data from above — satellite and aerial imagery. · 遥感从上方捕获数据——卫星和航空影像。
Select all · 所有 geospatial technologies. · 选择所有地理空间技术。
GIS, GPS, and remote sensing are geospatial technologies; a paper diary is not. · GIS、GPS和遥感是地理空间技术；纸质日记不是。
Match each technology to its main job. · 将每种技术与其主要功能相匹配。
GIS analyses, GPS locates, remote sensing captures imagery from above. · GIS进行分析，GPS定位，遥感从上方捕获影像。
Data from words and pictures
- Not all data is numbers: field notes, media reports, and travel writing all count.
- Interviews, policy documents, and photographs give qualitative information.
- Mixing many sources gives a fuller picture of a place.
来自文字与图像的数据
- 不是所有数据都是数字:实地笔记、媒体报道、旅行写作都算数据。
- 访谈、政策文件和照片提供定性(qualitative)信息。
- 综合多种来源能更完整地了解一个地方。
Data is never complete or perfectly neutral. Who collected it, which categories they used, and which places they sampled all shape what the data seems to say. Always ask where the data came from.
数据永远不完整,也不完全中立。是谁采集的、用了哪些类别、抽样了哪些地方,都会影响数据看起来在说什么。永远要问数据从何而来。
Why GIS is powerful
- GIS stores each kind of data as a layer — roads, rivers, income, flood risk.
- Turning layers on and off reveals relationships you could not see alone.
- This is why GIS is the geographer's most important modern tool.
为什么 GIS 强大
- GIS 把每种数据存为一个图层——道路、河流、收入、洪水风险。
- 开关不同图层能揭示单看一个数据时看不到的关系。
- 这就是 GIS 成为地理学家最重要的现代工具的原因。
A city planner opens a GIS map and switches on two layers: a flood-risk layer and a housing layer. Where the layers overlap, they can see exactly which homes are at risk — and plan defences.
一位城市规划师打开一张 GIS 地图,开启两个图层:洪水风险图层和住房图层。在两层重叠的地方,他们能准确看到哪些住宅有风险——并规划防护。
Geographic data links information to a place. It is collected in the field and by geospatial technologies — GIS (layered analysis), GPS (location), and remote sensing (data from above). All data is selective, so always question the source.
地理数据把信息与地点联系起来。它在实地以及通过地理空间技术采集——GIS(分层分析)、GPS(定位)和遥感(从高空获取数据)。所有数据都是有选择的,所以永远要质疑来源。