Invasive Species · 入侵物种
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| native/ˈneɪtɪv/ | 本地 | běn dì |
| invasive species/ɪnˈveɪsɪv ˈspiːsiːz/ | 入侵物种 | rù qīn wù zhǒng |
| no natural predators/nəʊ ˈnætʃərəl ˈpredətəz/ | 天敌 | tiān dí |
| outcompete/aʊtkəmˈpiːt/ | 排挤 | pái jǐ |
Species in the wrong place
- A native 本地 species belongs naturally in its area.
- Sometimes a species is moved to a new place, by accident or on purpose.
- Most newcomers cannot survive, but a few thrive and spread.
- One that spreads and causes harm is an invasive species 入侵物种.
在错误地方的物种
- 一种本地(native)物种天然属于它的地区。
- 有时一种物种被移到一个新地方,意外地或有意地。
- 大多数新来者无法存活,但少数繁荣并传播。
- 一种传播并造成伤害的叫做入侵物种(invasive species)。
Why they take over
- In the new place, they often have no natural predators 天敌.
- Nothing hunts them, so their numbers explode.
- Many reproduce fast and spread quickly.
- They outcompete 排挤 the natives for food and space.
它们为什么占领
- 在新地方,它们常常没有天敌(natural predators)。
- 没有东西猎捕它们,所以它们的数量爆炸。
- 许多繁殖快、传播迅速。
- 它们为食物和空间竞争胜过(outcompete)本地物种。
An invasive species is one that… · 一种入侵物种是……
An invasive species is a non-native one that spreads aggressively and harms the ecosystem. · 一种入侵物种是一种非本地的物种,它侵略性地传播并伤害生态系统。
The harm they do
- Invasives can eat native species that cannot defend themselves.
- They crowd out native plants and animals.
- Some carry diseases the natives have never faced.
- They can drive native species all the way to extinction.
它们造成的伤害
- 入侵物种能吃掉无法自卫的本地物种。
- 它们把本地植物和动物挤走。
- 有些携带本地物种从未面对过的疾病。
- 它们能把本地物种一路逼向灭绝。
Native or invasive? · 本地还是入侵?
Sort each example into a native species or an invasive one. · 把每个例子归入本地物种或入侵物种。
Invasive species often take over because they… · 入侵物种常常占领,因为它们……
With no natural predators to control them, invasives multiply and outcompete the natives. · 没有天敌来控制它们,入侵物种大量繁殖并竞争胜过本地物种。
A species that naturally belongs in an area is called a ____ species. · 天然属于一个地区的物种叫做____物种。
A native species evolved in the area and is part of its natural balance. · 一种本地物种在该地区演化,是它自然平衡的一部分。
How they arrive and how to stop them
- Ships, planes, and trade carry species around the world.
- Released pets and dumped aquariums add more.
- Checking cargo and banning risky imports helps stop them.
- Once established, invasives are very hard to remove.
它们如何到达以及如何阻止它们
- 船、飞机和贸易把物种带到世界各地。
- 被放生的宠物和被倾倒的水族箱增加更多。
- 检查货物并禁止有风险的进口有助于阻止它们。
- 一旦立足,入侵物种很难移除。
Invasive species can drive native species to extinction by outcompeting them. · 入侵物种能通过竞争胜过本地物种而把它们逼向灭绝。
By eating or outcompeting natives that cannot fight back, invasives can wipe them out. · 通过吃掉或竞争胜过无法反击的本地物种,入侵物种能把它们消灭。
Select all · 所有 reasons invasive species spread so successfully. · 选出入侵物种如此成功地传播的所有原因。
No predators, fast breeding, and outcompeting natives all help them spread. Local diseases rarely stop them. · 没有天敌、快速繁殖和竞争胜过本地物种都帮助它们传播。当地疾病很少能阻止它们。
The key to why invasives are so destructive is what they left behind: their natural predators, parasites, and diseases. In their home range, those enemies kept them in check. In the new place, nothing does — so they multiply unchecked and outcompete the natives that do have local enemies. It's not that they're "stronger"; they've simply escaped the things that used to control them.
入侵物种如此具有破坏性的关键在于它们留在身后的东西:它们的天敌、寄生虫和疾病。在它们的家乡,那些敌人把它们控制住。在新地方,没有什么能——所以它们不受控制地繁殖,并竞争胜过确实有本地敌人的本地物种。不是它们"更强";它们只是逃脱了过去控制它们的东西。
A fish in a new lake:
- Someone empties an aquarium into a lake, releasing a fish from another continent.
- In this lake it has no natural predators, so it breeds unchecked and outcompetes the native fish for food.
- Within a few years the native fish are gone, the food web is disrupted, and removing the invader is nearly impossible.
一个新湖里的一条鱼:
- 有人把一个水族箱倒进一个湖,放生了一条来自另一个大陆的鱼。
- 在这个湖里它没有天敌,所以它不受控制地繁殖,为食物竞争胜过****本地鱼。
- 几年内本地鱼没了,食物网被扰乱,移除入侵者几乎不可能。
An invasive species is a non-native species that spreads and harms an ecosystem. They take over because they have no natural predators in the new place, often reproduce fast, and outcompete or eat the native species. They can drive natives to extinction, and once established are very hard to remove — so prevention matters most.
一种入侵物种是一种传播并伤害生态系统的非本地物种。它们占领是因为它们在新地方没有天敌,常常繁殖快,并竞争胜过或吃掉本地物种。它们能把本地物种逼向灭绝,而且一旦立足很难移除——所以预防最重要。