Stratospheric Ozone Depletion · 平流层臭氧耗损
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ozone layer/ˈəʊzəʊn ˈleɪə/ | 臭氧层 | chòu yǎng céng |
| ultraviolet/ˌʊltrəˈvaɪəlɪt/ | 紫外线 | zǐ wài xiàn |
| CFCs/ˌsiː ef ˈsiːz/ | 氯氟烃 | lǜ fú tīng |
| chlorine/ˈklɔːriːn/ | 氯 | lǜ |
Earth's sunscreen
- High in the atmosphere sits the ozone layer 臭氧层.
- It absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet 紫外线 rays.
- Without it, that UV would damage life on the surface.
- In the 20th century, we accidentally started destroying it.
地球的防晒霜
- 大气高处坐落着臭氧层(ozone layer)。
- 它吸收太阳大部分有害的紫外线(ultraviolet)射线。
- 没有它,那些UV会损害地表的生命。
- 在20世纪,我们意外地开始破坏它。
The culprit: CFCs
- CFCs 氯氟烃 were chemicals used in fridges and spray cans.
- They seemed safe — stable, cheap, and non-toxic.
- But when they leak, they drift slowly up into the atmosphere.
- It takes years for them to reach the ozone layer.
罪魁祸首:氯氟烃
- 氯氟烃(CFCs)是用于冰箱和喷雾罐的化学物质。
- 它们看似安全——稳定、便宜、无毒。
- 但当它们泄漏时,它们缓慢向上漂移进入大气。
- 它们需要数年才能到达臭氧层。
The ozone layer high in the atmosphere is important because it… · 大气高处的臭氧层重要,因为它……
The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV rays, shielding life below. · 臭氧层吸收太阳大部分有害的UV射线,保护下面的生命。
How they destroy ozone
- High up, the sun's UV breaks a CFC apart.
- This frees a chlorine 氯 atom.
- The chlorine atom rips apart ozone molecules.
- Worse, it keeps going — one atom destroys thousands.
它们如何破坏臭氧
- 在高处,太阳的UV把一个氯氟烃分解。
- 这释放一个氯(chlorine)原子。
- 氯原子撕裂臭氧分子。
- 更糟的是,它继续下去——一个原子破坏数千个。
How CFCs destroy the ozone layer · 氯氟烃如何破坏臭氧层
Follow a CFC from a spray can up to the stratosphere, where it destroys ozone. · 跟随一个氯氟烃从喷雾罐到平流层,它在那里破坏臭氧。
Ozone depletion was caused mainly by CFCs, chemicals once used in… · 臭氧耗损主要由氯氟烃造成,这种化学物质曾用于……
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) were used in cooling and sprays until they were found to destroy ozone. · 氯氟烃(CFC)曾用于制冷和喷雾,直到发现它们破坏臭氧。
A thinner ozone layer lets more harmful ____ radiation reach the ground. · 更薄的臭氧层让更多有害的____辐射到达地面。
Less ozone means more UV · 紫外区 reaches us, raising skin cancer and eye damage. · 更少的臭氧意味着更多紫外线到达我们,增加皮肤癌和眼睛损伤。
The ozone hole
- Over Antarctica, so much ozone was lost it became a "hole".
- A thinner layer lets more UV reach the ground.
- More UV means more skin cancer and eye damage.
- It also harms crops and the ocean's plankton.
臭氧洞
- 在南极洲上空,失去的臭氧如此之多,以至于变成一个"洞"。
- 更薄的层让更多UV到达地面。
- 更多UV意味着更多皮肤癌和眼睛损伤。
- 它还伤害作物和海洋的浮游生物。
A single chlorine atom can destroy many thousands of ozone molecules. · 单个氯原子能破坏成千上万个臭氧分子。
Chlorine acts as a catalyst — it destroys ozone again and again without being used up. · 氯充当催化剂——它一次又一次地破坏臭氧而不被消耗。
Select all · 所有 harms of a thinner ozone layer. · 选出更薄臭氧层的所有危害。
More UV means more skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to crops and plankton. It does not help bones. · 更多UV意味着更多皮肤癌、眼睛损伤,以及对作物和浮游生物的伤害。它对骨骼无益。
Don't confuse this with the greenhouse effect — they are different problems. Ozone depletion is about a thinning shield high up that lets harmful UV through (a radiation problem). The greenhouse effect is about gases trapping heat (a warming problem). A common exam trap is to mix them up. Also note: the ozone that shields us is high up (good); ground-level ozone in smog is a pollutant (bad).
别把这个和温室效应混淆——它们是不同的问题。臭氧耗损是关于高处一个变薄的护盾,让有害的UV通过(一个辐射问题)。温室效应是关于气体困住热量(一个变暖问题)。一个常见的考试陷阱是把它们混在一起。还要注意:保护我们的臭氧在高处(好);烟雾中的地面臭氧是污染物(坏)。
The chlorine chain reaction:
- A CFC from an old fridge finally reaches the stratosphere after drifting up for years.
- The sun's UV splits it, freeing a chlorine atom.
- That one atom destroys an ozone molecule, then breaks free and destroys another, and another — thousands in all.
- Multiply by the billions of CFC molecules released, and the ozone layer thins into a hole.
氯的连锁反应:
- 一个来自旧冰箱的氯氟烃在向上漂移数年后终于到达平流层。
- 太阳的UV把它劈开,释放一个氯原子。
- 那一个原子破坏一个臭氧分子,然后脱离并破坏另一个,又一个——总共数千个。
- 乘以释放的数十亿个氯氟烃分子,臭氧层变薄成一个洞。
The ozone layer shields Earth by absorbing the sun's harmful UV rays. CFCs from fridges and sprays drift up to the stratosphere, where UV frees a chlorine atom that destroys thousands of ozone molecules each. The thinning layer lets more UV through, causing skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to crops and plankton. (This is separate from the greenhouse effect.)
臭氧层通过吸收太阳有害的紫外线射线保护地球。来自冰箱和喷雾的氯氟烃向上漂移到平流层,在那里UV释放一个氯原子,每个氯原子破坏数千个臭氧分子。变薄的层让更多UV通过,造成皮肤癌、眼睛损伤,以及对作物和浮游生物的伤害。(这和温室效应是分开的。)