Sewage Treatment · 污水处理
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| sewage/ˈsuːɪdʒ/ | 污水 | wū shuǐ |
| primary/ˈpraɪməri/ | 一级 | yī jí |
| sludge/slʌdʒ/ | 污泥 | wū ní |
| secondary/ˈsekəndəri/ | 二级 | èr jí |
| bacteria/bækˈtɪərɪə/ | 细菌 | xì jūn |
Cleaning our dirty water
- Every home sends sewage 污水 down the drain.
- Toilets, sinks, and showers all add to it.
- Released raw, it would spread disease and pollution.
- So it passes through a treatment plant first.
清洁我们的脏水
- 每个家庭把污水(sewage)冲下排水沟。
- 厕所、水槽和淋浴都增加它。
- 未经处理排放,它会传播疾病和污染。
- 所以它先经过一座处理厂。
Primary: remove the solids
- First, screens catch big trash, rags, and grit.
- Then the water sits in settling tanks.
- Heavy solids sink to the bottom as sludge 污泥.
- This physical step is called primary 一级 treatment.
一级:去除固体
- 首先,筛网捕捉大的垃圾、破布和沙砾。
- 然后水停在沉淀池里。
- 重的固体作为污泥(sludge)沉到底部。
- 这个物理步骤叫做一级(primary)处理。
Sewage is… · 污水是……
Sewage is dirty wastewater from toilets, sinks, and drains that must be cleaned before release. · 污水是来自厕所、水槽和排水沟的脏废水,必须在排放前清洁。
Secondary: bacteria do the work
- The water still holds dissolved organic waste.
- In secondary 二级 treatment, bacteria 细菌 digest it.
- The microbes break the waste into harmless substances.
- This biological step cleans most of what remains.
二级:细菌来工作
- 水仍然含有溶解的有机废物。
- 在二级(secondary)处理中,细菌(bacteria)消化它。
- 微生物把废物分解成无害的物质。
- 这个生物步骤清洁剩下的大部分。
How sewage is cleaned · 污水如何被清洁
Follow dirty water through the stages that make it safe to release. · 跟随脏水经过使它可以安全排放的各个阶段。
In primary · 第一产业 (primary) treatment, solids are removed by… · 在一级处理中,固体通过以下方式去除……
Primary · 一级 treatment lets heavy solids sink to the bottom as sludge, and skims floating material off the top. · 一级处理让重的固体作为污泥沉到底部,并把漂浮的物质从顶部撇去。
In secondary treatment, ____ break down the dissolved organic waste. · 在二级处理中,____分解溶解的有机废物。
Secondary treatment uses bacteria to digest the organic matter left in the water. · 二级处理用细菌来消化留在水中的有机物。
Final: disinfect and release
- The water is now clear but may still carry germs.
- A final step disinfects it with chlorine or UV light.
- Advanced plants also remove leftover nutrients.
- The clean water is then safely released to a river or sea.
最后:消毒并排放
- 水现在清澈,但可能仍然携带病菌。
- 最后一个步骤用氯或紫外线给它消毒。
- 先进的处理厂还去除剩余的养分。
- 干净的水随后被安全地排放到河流或海洋。
The final stage often disinfects the water to kill disease-causing germs. · 最后一个阶段常常给水消毒以杀死引起疾病的病菌。
A final disinfection step (chlorine or UV) kills pathogens before the water is released. · 最后的消毒步骤(氯或紫外线)在水被排放前杀死病原体。
Put the stages in order — select the first three to happen. · 把阶段排序——选出最先发生的三个。
Screen → settle → bacteria digest → disinfect and release. Clean water is never sent back dirty. · 筛滤→沉淀→细菌消化→消毒并排放。干净的水从不脏着送回。
Notice the two very different kinds of cleaning. Primary treatment is physical — just letting solids settle and screening trash out. Secondary is biological — living bacteria eat the dissolved waste. Skipping secondary treatment (as some places do) leaves the water still loaded with organic matter that will cause eutrophication downstream. Both stages matter.
注意两种非常不同的清洁方式。一级处理是物理的——只是让固体沉淀并筛出垃圾。二级是生物的——活的细菌吃掉溶解的废物。跳过二级处理(有些地方这样做)会让水仍然充满有机物,在下游造成富营养化。两个阶段都重要。
From toilet to river:
- The sewage reaches the plant and is screened, then sits in tanks where sludge settles out (primary).
- The cleared water flows to aeration tanks where bacteria digest the dissolved waste (secondary).
- Finally it is disinfected and released to the river — clear, low in nutrients, and safe for the fish downstream.
从厕所到河流:
- 污水到达处理厂并被筛滤,然后停在池中,污泥沉淀出来(一级)。
- 澄清的水流到曝气池,细菌在那里消化溶解的废物(二级)。
- 最后它被消毒并排放到河里——清澈、养分低、对下游的鱼安全。
Sewage treatment cleans wastewater in stages. Primary (physical) screens trash and settles solids as sludge. Secondary (biological) uses bacteria to digest dissolved organic waste. A final step disinfects the water and removes nutrients before it is safely released. Both the physical and biological stages are needed.
污水处理分阶段清洁废水。一级(物理)筛出垃圾并让固体沉淀为污泥。二级(生物)用细菌消化溶解的有机废物。最后一个步骤给水消毒并去除养分,然后它被安全地排放。物理和生物阶段都需要。