Solid Waste Disposal · 固体废物处置
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| landfill/ˈlændfɪl/ | 垃圾填埋场 | lā jī tián mái chǎng |
| methane/ˈmiːθeɪn/ | 甲烷 | jiǎ wán |
| leachate/ˈliːtʃeɪt/ | 渗滤液 | shèn lǜ yè |
| Incineration/ɪnˌsɪnəˈreɪʃn/ | 焚烧 | fén shāo |
What to do with our garbage
- Every city produces mountains of solid waste.
- It has to go somewhere.
- The two main methods are burying it and burning it.
- Each has real benefits and real costs.
怎么处理我们的垃圾
- 每个城市产生成山的固体废物。
- 它必须去某个地方。
- 两种主要方法是埋它和烧它。
- 每种都有真实的好处和真实的代价。
Landfills: burying waste
- A landfill 垃圾填埋场 buries waste in a lined pit.
- The liner is meant to stop pollution leaking out.
- It is cheap and simple, so most waste ends up here.
- But it takes huge areas of land.
填埋场:埋废物
- 一个垃圾填埋场(landfill)把废物埋在有衬里的坑中。
- 衬里意在阻止污染泄漏出去。
- 它便宜又简单,所以大部分废物最终到这里。
- 但它占用巨大面积的土地。
A landfill disposes of waste by… · 一个垃圾填埋场通过以下方式处置废物……
A landfill buries waste in a lined pit designed to hold it and limit leaks. · 一个垃圾填埋场把废物埋在设计用来容纳它并限制泄漏的有衬里的坑中。
Landfill problems
- Rotting waste releases methane 甲烷, a greenhouse gas.
- Rain trickling through waste forms toxic leachate 渗滤液.
- Leachate can seep down and pollute groundwater.
- And once full, the land is hard to use again.
填埋场的问题
- 腐烂的废物释放甲烷(methane),一种温室气体。
- 雨渗过废物形成有毒的渗滤液(leachate)。
- 渗滤液能向下渗透并污染地下水。
- 而且一旦填满,土地难以再次使用。
Landfill or incineration? · 填埋还是焚烧?
Sort each feature under the disposal method it describes. · 把每个特点归到它描述的处置方法之下。
A key danger from landfills is leachate, which is… · 填埋场的一个关键危险是渗滤液,它是……
Leachate is toxic liquid that forms as water trickles through waste; it can pollute groundwater. · 渗滤液是水渗过废物时形成的有毒液体;它能污染地下水。
Rotting waste in a landfill releases , a powerful greenhouse gas. · 填埋场中腐烂的废物释放,一种强效的温室气体。
As waste rots without oxygen, it gives off methane — a greenhouse gas that can also be captured for fuel. · 当废物在没有氧气的情况下腐烂时,它放出甲烷——一种也能被收集作燃料的温室气体。
Incineration: burning waste
- Incineration 焚烧 burns waste at high heat.
- It cuts the volume of waste by about 90%.
- The heat can even generate electricity.
- But it pollutes the air and leaves behind toxic ash.
焚烧:烧废物
- 焚烧(incineration)在高热下燃烧废物。
- 它把废物的体积削减约90%。
- 热量甚至能发电。
- 但它污染空气并留下有毒的灰烬。
Incineration greatly reduces the volume of waste but can pollute the air. · 焚烧大大减少废物的体积,但能污染空气。
Burning cuts waste volume by about 90%, but releases smoke and leaves toxic ash. · 燃烧把废物体积削减约90%,但释放烟雾并留下有毒的灰烬。
Select all · 所有 drawbacks of landfills. · 选出填埋场的所有缺点。
Landfills release methane, risk leachate leaks, and use lots of land. They are far from problem-free. · 填埋场释放甲烷、有渗滤液泄漏的风险、占用很多土地。它们远非没有问题。
Neither method is clean — they just move the problem. Landfills trade land and risk groundwater pollution (leachate) plus methane. Incineration saves space and can make power, but sends pollution up the smokestack and concentrates toxins in the ash. That's why the best answer isn't a better disposal method — it's making less waste in the first place (next lesson).
两种方法都不干净——它们只是转移问题。填埋场用土地做交换,并有地下水污染(渗滤液)加上甲烷的风险。焚烧节省空间且能发电,但把污染送上烟囱,并把毒素浓缩在灰烬里。这就是为什么最好的答案不是一种更好的处置方法——而是一开始就制造更少的废物(下一课)。
A city's two options:
- Bury the waste: cheap, but the landfill swallows land, seeps leachate toward the water table, and vents methane.
- Burn it: the incinerator shrinks the pile by 90% and powers some homes, but its smoke needs heavy filtering and its ash is toxic.
- Both work, both pollute — which is why cities push hard to reduce and recycle instead.
一个城市的两个选择:
- 埋废物:便宜,但填埋场吞掉土地,把渗滤液渗向地下水位,排放甲烷。
- 烧它:焚烧炉把这堆缩小90%并给一些家供电,但它的烟需要重度过滤,它的灰烬有毒。
- 两者都有效,两者都污染——这就是为什么城市大力推动减量和回收。
Solid waste is mostly disposed of by landfill (burying) or incineration (burning). Landfills are cheap but take land, release methane, and risk leachate polluting groundwater. Incineration cuts waste volume ~90% and can make electricity, but pollutes the air and leaves toxic ash. Both move the problem rather than solve it.
固体废物大多通过填埋场(埋)或焚烧(烧)来处置。填埋场便宜,但占用土地、释放甲烷,并有渗滤液污染地下水的风险。焚烧把废物体积削减约90%且能发电,但污染空气并留下有毒的灰烬。两者都转移问题而非解决它。