Eutrophication · 富营养化
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| nutrients/ˈnjuːtrɪənts/ | 养分 | yǎng fèn |
| eutrophication/ˌjuːtrəfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | 富营养化 | fù yíng yǎng huà |
| algal bloom/ˈælɡl bluːm/ | 藻华 | zǎo huá |
| oxygen/ˈɒksɪdʒn/ | 氧气 | yǎng qì |
| Decomposers/ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊzəz/ | 分解者 | fēn jiě zhě |
When a lake gets too rich
- Adding nutrients to a lake sounds good for life.
- But too much triggers a deadly chain of events.
- This is eutrophication 富营养化.
- It can turn a clear, living lake into a dead zone.
当一个湖变得太富
- 给一个湖添加养分听起来对生命有益。
- 但太多会引发一连串致命的事件。
- 这是富营养化(eutrophication)。
- 它能把一个清澈、有生命的湖变成死区。
Step 1: nutrients wash in
- Fertilizer from farms is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.
- Rain washes these nutrients 养分 into rivers and lakes.
- Sewage and detergents add even more.
- The water suddenly has far more nutrients than normal.
第一步:养分冲入
- 来自农场的化肥富含氮和磷。
- 雨把这些养分(nutrients)冲入河流和湖泊。
- 污水和洗涤剂添加得更多。
- 水突然拥有远超正常的养分。
Eutrophication usually starts with… · 富营养化通常始于……
Extra nutrients — nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer — trigger the whole process. · 额外的养分——来自化肥的氮和磷——引发整个过程。
Step 2: algae explode
- The extra nutrients feed a huge algal bloom 藻华.
- Algae grow fast, covering the surface in green.
- The bloom blocks sunlight from plants below.
- Soon the algae use up the nutrients and die in huge numbers.
第二步:藻类暴发
- 额外的养分喂养一次巨大的藻华(algal bloom)。
- 藻类快速生长,把表面覆盖成绿色。
- 藻华挡住下面植物的阳光。
- 不久藻类用尽养分,大量死亡。
How eutrophication kills a lake · 富营养化如何杀死一个湖
Follow fertilizer runoff through an algal bloom to a dead, oxygen-starved lake. · 跟随化肥径流经过一次藻华,到一个死亡的、缺氧的湖。
The extra nutrients cause a sudden… · 额外的养分造成突然的……
Nutrients feed an algal bloom — a thick green layer of algae covering the water. · 养分喂养一次藻华——覆盖水面的厚厚的绿色藻类层。
When the algae die, decomposers use up the dissolved ____ in the water. · 当藻类死亡时,分解者用尽水中溶解的____。
Bacteria decomposing the dead algae consume the oxygen fish need, so fish suffocate. · 分解死藻的细菌消耗鱼需要的氧气,所以鱼窒息。
Step 3: oxygen runs out
- Decomposers 分解者 (bacteria) break down the dead algae.
- Doing so, they use up the dissolved oxygen 氧气 in the water.
- Fish and other animals suffocate and die.
- The lake becomes a low-oxygen "dead zone".
第三步:氧气耗尽
- 分解者(decomposers,细菌)分解死去的藻类。
- 这样做,它们用尽水中溶解的氧气(oxygen)。
- 鱼和其他动物窒息而死。
- 湖变成一个低氧的"死区"。
Eutrophication can create a "dead zone" where little can survive. · 富营养化能造成一个几乎没有东西能存活的"死区"。
With the oxygen gone, fish and other animals die, leaving a low-oxygen dead zone. · 氧气没了,鱼和其他动物死亡,留下一个低氧的死区。
Put the steps of eutrophication in order — select the first three to happen. · 把富营养化的步骤排序——选出最先发生的三个。
Nutrients in → algae bloom → algae die and decay → oxygen runs out. Sunlight is not a step. · 养分进入→藻类暴发→藻类死亡腐烂→氧气耗尽。阳光不是一个步骤。
The deadly twist is that eutrophication kills by removing oxygen, not by direct poisoning. The nutrients themselves aren't toxic — they just feed too much algae. It's the decomposers eating the dead algae that strip the water of oxygen. So the fish don't die from the fertilizer; they suffocate. Follow the chain: nutrients → bloom → die-off → decay → no oxygen → dead fish.
致命的转折是富营养化通过去除氧气来杀死,而不是直接毒害。养分本身无毒——它们只是喂养太多藻类。是分解者吃死藻把水中的氧气剥离。所以鱼不是死于化肥;它们是窒息的。跟着这条链:养分→暴发→死亡→腐烂→无氧→死鱼。
A farm pond in summer:
- Spring fertilizer washes off the fields into the pond, loading it with nutrients.
- By July a thick green algal bloom covers the surface.
- The algae die, bacteria swarm to decompose them, and the oxygen vanishes from the water — leaving dead fish floating belly-up in a pond that was clear a season ago.
夏天的一个农场池塘:
- 春天的化肥从田地冲入池塘,给它装满养分。
- 到七月一层厚厚的绿色藻华覆盖表面。
- 藻类死亡,细菌蜂拥而至分解它们,氧气从水中消失——留下死鱼肚皮朝上漂浮在一个季节前还清澈的池塘里。
Eutrophication is a chain reaction: extra nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer runoff) feed a huge algal bloom; the algae die; decomposers break them down and use up the dissolved oxygen; fish suffocate, leaving a dead zone. The nutrients aren't toxic — the fish die from lost oxygen.
富营养化是一个连锁反应:额外的养分(来自化肥径流的氮和磷)喂养一次巨大的藻华;藻类死亡;分解者分解它们并用尽溶解的氧气;鱼窒息,留下死区。养分无毒——鱼死于失去的氧气。