Human Impacts on Ecosystems · 人类对生态系统的影响
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| ecosystems/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəmz/ | 生态系统 | shēng tài xì tǒng |
| degraded/dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/ | 退化 | tuì huà |
| services/ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/ | 服务 | fú wù |
| Restoration/ˌrestəˈreɪʃn/ | 恢复 | huī fù |
Our mark on nature
- Humans change ecosystems 生态系统 everywhere we live.
- We clear land, pollute water, and hunt species.
- Some changes damage nature badly.
- But we can also protect and repair it.
我们在自然上的印记
- 人类在我们居住的各处改变生态系统(ecosystems)。
- 我们清除土地、污染水、猎捕物种。
- 有些改变严重损害自然。
- 但我们也能保护和修复它。
How we damage ecosystems
- Pollution poisons water, soil, and air.
- Clearing forests and draining wetlands destroys habitat.
- Overhunting and overfishing strip out species.
- A damaged ecosystem becomes degraded 退化 — less able to support life.
我们如何损害生态系统
- 污染毒害水、土壤和空气。
- 清除森林和排干湿地破坏栖息地。
- 过度捕猎和过度捕捞把物种抽走。
- 一个被损害的生态系统变得退化(degraded)——支撑生命的能力下降。
Which human activity most directly harms an ecosystem? · 哪种人类活动最直接地伤害生态系统?
Dumping toxic waste poisons water and kills the organisms living in it — direct harm. · 倾倒有毒废物毒害水并杀死生活在其中的生物——直接的伤害。
What we lose
- Healthy ecosystems give us free services 服务.
- They clean our water, pollinate crops, and control floods.
- They store carbon and provide food and medicine.
- When an ecosystem is degraded, we lose all of that.
我们失去什么
- 健康的生态系统给我们免费的服务(services)。
- 它们清洁我们的水、给作物授粉、控制洪水。
- 它们储存碳并提供食物和药物。
- 当一个生态系统退化时,我们失去所有这些。
Harms or helps an ecosystem? · 伤害还是帮助生态系统?
Sort each human action by whether it damages ecosystems or helps protect them. · 按照每个人类行为是损害生态系统还是帮助保护它们,给它们分类。
When an ecosystem is damaged and loses its ability to support life, it is… · 当一个生态系统被损害并失去支撑生命的能力时,它……
A degraded ecosystem has lost health and productivity — it supports far less life than before. · 一个退化的生态系统失去了健康和生产力——它支撑的生命比以前少得多。
Clean water, pollination, and flood control are examples of ecosystem ____. · 干净的水、授粉和防洪是生态系统____的例子。
Ecosystem services are the free benefits nature gives us — clean water, pollination, and more. · 生态系统服务是大自然给我们的免费好处——干净的水、授粉等。
Repairing the damage
- Damage is not always permanent.
- Restoration 恢复 can bring a wrecked ecosystem back.
- We replant forests, clean up rivers, and reintroduce species.
- Protecting healthy ecosystems is cheaper than repairing broken ones.
修复损害
- 损害不总是永久的。
- 恢复(restoration)能使被毁坏的生态系统回来。
- 我们重新种植森林、清理河流、重新引入物种。
- 保护健康的生态系统比修复破碎的更便宜。
Damaged ecosystems can sometimes be repaired through restoration. · 被损害的生态系统有时能通过恢复来修复。
Restoration — replanting, cleaning up, reintroducing species — can bring a damaged ecosystem back over time. · 恢复——重新种植、清理、重新引入物种——能随时间使被损害的生态系统恢复。
Select all · 所有 human activities that harm ecosystems. · 选出所有伤害生态系统的人类活动。
Pollution, deforestation, and overfishing all harm ecosystems. Restoring wetlands helps them. · 污染、毁林和过度捕捞都伤害生态系统。恢复湿地帮助它们。
Impacts stack up. A single pollutant, one cleared field, one overfished bay may seem small — but across a whole region they combine into degradation that unravels the ecosystem's services. The good news: many impacts are reversible with effort. The cheapest strategy, though, is always to protect a healthy ecosystem before it's damaged.
影响会累积。单一的污染物、一块被清除的田地、一个被过度捕捞的海湾看似很小——但在整个地区它们合起来成为退化,瓦解生态系统的服务。好消息:许多影响通过努力是可逆的。不过,最便宜的策略始终是在一个健康的生态系统被损害之前保护它。
A river's decline and recovery:
- Factories dump waste, farms wash in fertilizer, and banks are cleared — the river becomes degraded, its fish gone and water foul.
- Then people act: waste is stopped, banks replanted, and fish reintroduced.
- Years of restoration later, the water runs clear and life returns — proof that damage can be undone, though at great cost.
一条河的衰退与恢复:
- 工厂倾倒废物,农场冲入化肥,河岸被清除——河流变得退化,鱼没了,水变臭。
- 然后人们行动:废物被停止,河岸被重新种植,鱼被重新引入。
- 数年的恢复之后,水变清,生命回归——证明损害能被消除,尽管代价巨大。
Humans damage ecosystems through pollution, habitat destruction, and overexploitation, leaving them degraded and less able to provide their free services (clean water, pollination, flood control). Much of this damage can be reversed through restoration, but protecting healthy ecosystems is cheaper than repairing broken ones.
人类通过污染、栖息地破坏和过度利用损害生态系统,使它们退化,更难提供它们免费的服务(干净的水、授粉、防洪)。这种损害的很多能通过恢复逆转,但保护健康的生态系统比修复破碎的更便宜。