Hydroelectric Power · 水力发电
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| hydroelectric/ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk/ | 水电 | shuǐ diàn |
| reservoir/ˈrezəvwɑː/ | 水库 | shuǐ kù |
| turbines/ˈtɜːbaɪnz/ | 涡轮机 | wō lún jī |
| renewable/rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | 可再生 | kě zài shēng |
| floods/flʌdz/ | 淹没 | yān mò |
Power from falling water
- A hydroelectric 水电 dam turns flowing water into electricity.
- A dam holds a river back, forming a lake called a reservoir 水库.
- When water is let through, it falls with great force.
- That falling water spins turbines to make power.
来自下落的水的能量
- 一座水力发电(hydroelectric)大坝把流水变成电。
- 大坝把河流挡住,形成一个叫做水库(reservoir)的湖。
- 当水被放过时,它以巨大的力量下落。
- 那下落的水转动涡轮机来产生电。
How it works
- Water high behind the dam holds stored energy.
- Open the gates and it rushes down through turbines 涡轮机.
- The spinning turbines drive generators.
- Close the gates to save the water for later.
它如何工作
- 大坝后面高处的水储存着能量。
- 打开闸门,它奔涌而下穿过涡轮机(turbines)。
- 旋转的涡轮机驱动发电机。
- 关闭闸门,把水留到以后用。
A hydroelectric dam makes electricity from… · 水力发电大坝从以下产生电……
Water held high behind the dam falls through turbines, spinning generators to make electricity. · 被大坝挡在高处的水落下,穿过涡轮机,转动发电机来发电。
The benefits
- It is renewable 可再生 — the water cycle refills the river.
- It releases almost no CO2 while running.
- It is reliable: open the gates when power is needed.
- So it can back up intermittent solar and wind.
好处
- 它是可再生(renewable)的——水循环补充河流。
- 它在运行时几乎不释放CO2。
- 它可靠:在需要电时打开闸门。
- 所以它能为间歇性的太阳能和风能提供后备。
One advantage of hydropower over solar and wind is that it… · 水力相对于太阳能和风能的一个优势是它……
Operators release stored water when power is needed, so hydro is reliable and controllable — unlike intermittent solar and wind. · 运营者在需要电时放出储存的水,所以水力可靠且可控——不像间歇性的太阳能和风能。
The lake of water held behind a dam is called a . · 被大坝挡在后面的水湖叫做。
The reservoir stores water — and energy — until it is released through the turbines. · 水库储存水——和能量——直到它被放出穿过涡轮机。
The costs
- The reservoir floods 淹没 land, drowning valleys and habitat.
- The dam blocks fish swimming upstream to breed.
- People living in the valley must be moved away.
- It also traps sediment that rivers normally carry downstream.
代价
- 水库淹没(floods)土地,淹没山谷和栖息地。
- 大坝阻挡向上游游去繁殖的鱼。
- 住在山谷里的人必须被迁走。
- 它还截留河流通常带向下游的沉积物。
Benefit or cost of a dam? · 大坝的好处还是代价?
Sort each effect of a hydroelectric dam into a benefit or a cost. · 把水力发电大坝的每个影响归入好处或代价。
A dam can block fish from swimming upstream to breed. · 一座大坝能阻挡鱼向上游游去繁殖。
A dam is a wall across the river, blocking migrating fish unless a fish ladder is built. · 一座大坝是横跨河流的墙,阻挡洄游的鱼,除非建了鱼梯。
Select all · 所有 costs of a hydroelectric dam. · 选出水力发电大坝的所有代价。
Dams flood land, block fish, and displace people. But they release almost no CO2 while running. · 大坝淹没土地、阻挡鱼、使人迁移。但它们在运行时几乎不释放CO2。
Hydropower's great strength is control: unlike solar and wind, you can turn it up or down on demand by releasing more or less water. But that dam is also its great cost — it drowns land, walls off fish, and displaces people. It is renewable and low-carbon, yet far from harmless to the river.
水力的巨大优势是控制:不像太阳能和风能,你能通过放出更多或更少的水来按需增大或减小。但那座大坝也是它的巨大代价——它淹没土地、把鱼挡在墙外、使人们迁移。它可再生且低碳,但对河流远非无害。
Building a dam:
- Engineers wall off a river valley; water backs up into a huge reservoir, flooding farms and forest.
- Now the town downstream gets reliable, carbon-free electricity — turned up each evening as demand rises.
- But the salmon that once swam upstream to spawn hit a concrete wall, and the families whose valley is now underwater had to leave.
建一座大坝:
- 工程师把一个河谷围起来;水积成一个巨大的水库,淹没农田和森林。
- 现在下游的城镇得到可靠的、无碳的电——每天傍晚随需求上升而增大。
- 但曾经向上游游去产卵的鲑鱼撞上一堵混凝土墙,而山谷现在在水下的家庭不得不离开。
Hydroelectric power spins turbines with water falling from a reservoir behind a dam. Benefits: renewable, low-CO2, and reliable — controllable on demand, unlike solar and wind. Costs: the reservoir floods land and habitat, the dam blocks fish migration, and it can displace people.
水力发电用从大坝后水库下落的水转动涡轮机。好处:可再生、低CO2、可靠——不像太阳能和风能,能按需控制。代价:水库淹没土地和栖息地,大坝阻挡鱼类洄游,还能使人们迁移。