Meat Production Methods · 肉类生产方法
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| feedlot/ˈfiːdlɒt/ | 饲养场 | sì yǎng chǎng |
| overgrazing/ˌəʊvəˈɡreɪzɪŋ/ | 过度放牧 | guò dù fàng mù |
The cost of meat
- Raising animals for meat feeds billions of people.
- But it takes far more land, water, and grain than growing plants.
- The way we raise animals shapes its environmental cost.
- Two main methods have very different impacts.
肉类的代价
- 养动物取肉养活数十亿人。
- 但它比种植物用多得多的土地、水和粮食。
- 我们养动物的方式塑造它的环境代价。
- 两种主要方法有非常不同的影响。
Feedlots: intensive production
- A feedlot 饲养场 packs thousands of animals together and feeds them grain.
- It is efficient and produces cheap meat quickly.
- But the animals produce enormous, concentrated waste.
- This waste pollutes water and releases greenhouse gases.
饲养场:集约化生产
- 一个饲养场(feedlot)把数千只动物挤在一起并喂它们粮食。
- 它高效,快速地生产便宜的肉。
- 但动物产生大量、集中的粪便。
- 这些粪便污染水并释放温室气体。
A feedlot is a place where… · 一个饲养场是……的地方。
A feedlot packs many animals together and feeds them grain — efficient but very polluting. · 饲养场把许多动物挤在一起并喂它们粮食——高效但污染很大。
Grazing on open land
- Other animals are raised by grazing on open grassland.
- This can be gentler, letting animals feed naturally.
- But too many grazers cause overgrazing 过度放牧.
- Overgrazing strips the land bare, leading to erosion and desertification.
在开放土地上放牧
- 其他动物通过在开放草原上放牧来养。
- 这能更温和,让动物自然地觅食。
- 但太多的放牧者造成过度放牧(overgrazing)。
- 过度放牧把土地啃光,导致侵蚀和荒漠化。
A major environmental problem with feedlots is… · 饲养场的一个主要环境问题是……
Feedlots concentrate enormous animal waste, which pollutes water and releases greenhouse gases. · 饲养场集中大量的动物粪便,污染水并释放温室气体。
Letting too many animals graze until the land is stripped bare is called . · 让太多动物放牧,直到土地被啃光,叫做。
Overgrazing · 过度放牧 strips the land of plants, leaving bare, eroding soil. · 过度放牧把土地的植物啃光,留下裸露、侵蚀的土壤。
Meat versus plants
- Because energy is lost at each trophic level, meat is costly to produce.
- Feeding grain to animals, then eating the animals, wastes most of the energy.
- So meat needs far more land, water, and grain than plant crops.
- Eating lower on the food chain uses fewer resources.
肉类对比植物
- 因为能量在每个营养级损失,肉类生产起来代价高。
- 把粮食喂给动物、然后吃动物,浪费大部分能量。
- 所以肉类比植物作物需要多得多的土地、水和粮食。
- 在食物链更低处进食用更少的资源。
Which production method? · 哪种生产方法?
Sort each feature by whether it describes intensive feedlots or open grazing. · 按照每个特征描述的是集约化饲养场还是开放放牧,给它们分类。
Producing meat generally uses much more land and water than growing plant crops. · 生产肉类通常比种植作物用多得多的土地和水。
Because energy is lost at each trophic level, meat needs far more land, water, and grain than plants. · 因为能量在每个营养级损失,肉类比植物需要多得多的土地、水和粮食。
Select all · 所有 true statements about meat production. · 选出关于肉类生产的所有正确说法。
Meat production has large environmental impacts. The other three are correct. · 肉类生产有很大的环境影响。其余三条正确。
Both methods have downsides — it is a trade-off, not one good and one bad. Feedlots are efficient but create concentrated pollution; open grazing is more natural but can cause overgrazing and erosion. And either way, meat uses far more resources than plant food.
两种方法都有缺点——这是一个权衡,不是一好一坏。饲养场高效,但造成集中的污染;开放放牧更自然,但能造成过度放牧和侵蚀。而无论哪种方式,肉类都比植物食物用多得多的资源。
Grain in, meat out:
- It can take several kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of beef.
- That grain, land, and water could have fed far more people directly.
- This is why meat has a large environmental footprint — most of the energy is lost feeding the animal.
粮食进,肉出:
- 生产一公斤牛肉可能要好几公斤粮食。
- 那些粮食、土地和水本可以直接养活多得多的人。
- 这就是为什么肉类有很大的环境足迹——大部分能量在喂养动物中损失。
Meat production is resource-heavy because energy is lost at each trophic level. Feedlots are efficient but concentrate huge polluting waste; open grazing is more natural but can cause overgrazing and erosion. Both use far more land, water, and grain than growing plant crops.
肉类生产资源密集,因为能量在每个营养级损失。饲养场高效,但集中大量污染的粪便;开放放牧更自然,但能造成过度放牧和侵蚀。两者都比种植物作物用多得多的土地、水和粮食。