Irrigation Methods · 灌溉方法
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| irrigation/ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ | 灌溉 | guàn gài |
| flood irrigation/flʌd ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ | 漫灌 | màn guàn |
| drip irrigation/drɪp ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ | 滴灌 | dī guàn |
Watering the crops
- Where rain is scarce, farmers bring water to their fields.
- But water is precious, and much of it can be wasted.
- Different watering methods waste very different amounts.
- Choosing wisely saves water and protects the soil.
给作物浇水
- 在雨水稀少的地方,农民把水引到他们的田里。
- 但水很宝贵,它的大部分可能被浪费。
- 不同的浇水方法浪费的量非常不同。
- 明智地选择能节约水并保护土壤。
What irrigation is
- Irrigation 灌溉 is supplying water to crops artificially.
- It lets farmers grow food where rainfall alone is not enough.
- But irrigation draws heavily on rivers and groundwater.
- So how efficiently it delivers water really matters.
什么是灌溉
- 灌溉(irrigation)是人工地给作物供水。
- 它让农民在仅靠降雨不够的地方种食物。
- 但灌溉大量地取用河流和地下水。
- 所以它送水的效率有多高真的重要。
Irrigation is… · 灌溉是……
Irrigation supplies water to crops where rainfall is not enough. · 灌溉在降雨不够的地方给作物供水。
Wasteful methods
- Flood irrigation 漫灌 covers a whole field with water.
- It is cheap but much water evaporates or runs off before reaching roots.
- Spray irrigation throws water into the air, where a lot evaporates in the heat.
- These methods use large amounts of water for little benefit.
浪费的方法
- 漫灌(flood irrigation)用水覆盖整片田。
- 它便宜,但很多水在到达根部前蒸发或径流。
- 喷灌把水抛进空中,很多在高温中蒸发。
- 这些方法用大量的水换取很少的好处。
Which irrigation method wastes the least water? · 哪种灌溉方法浪费的水最少?
Drip irrigation delivers water straight to the roots, so very little is lost. · 滴灌把水直接送到根部,所以损失很少。
Covering a whole field with water, which wastes a lot, is called ____ irrigation. · 用水覆盖整片田、浪费很多的,叫做____灌溉。
Flood irrigation is cheap but wastes much water to evaporation and runoff. · 漫灌便宜,但很多水浪费在蒸发和径流上。
Efficient methods
- Drip irrigation 滴灌 drips water slowly, straight to each plant's roots.
- Almost none is lost to evaporation or runoff.
- It saves water and reduces waterlogging and salt build-up.
- It costs more to set up, but wastes far less water.
高效的方法
- 滴灌(drip irrigation)缓慢地滴水,直接到每株植物的根部。
- 几乎没有损失于蒸发或径流。
- 它节约水,减少涝渍和盐的积累。
- 它安装的成本更高,但浪费的水少得多。
How efficient is each method? · 每种方法效率如何?
Sort each irrigation method by how much water it wastes. · 按照每种灌溉方法浪费多少水,给它们分类。
Wasteful irrigation can lead to waterlogging and salinization of the soil. · 浪费的灌溉能导致土壤涝渍和盐碱化。
Too much water logs the soil and, in dry areas, leaves salt behind as it evaporates. · 太多的水使土壤涝渍,而在干燥地区,水蒸发时留下盐。
Select all · 所有 true statements about irrigation methods. · 选出关于灌溉方法的所有正确说法。
Methods differ hugely in efficiency. The other three are correct. · 各方法在效率上差异巨大。其余三条正确。
Wasteful irrigation does not just waste water — it can damage the soil. Too much water can waterlog fields, and in dry regions the water evaporates and leaves salt behind (salinization). Efficient methods like drip irrigation save water and protect the soil.
浪费的灌溉不只是浪费水——它能损害土壤。太多的水能使田涝渍,而在干燥地区,水蒸发并留下盐(盐碱化)。像滴灌这样高效的方法节约水而且保护土壤。
Flood versus drip in a dry country:
- A farmer flooding a field loses over half the water to evaporation and runoff.
- Switching to drip irrigation delivers water straight to the roots.
- The farmer grows the same crop with a fraction of the water — vital where every drop counts.
干燥国家里的漫灌对比滴灌:
- 一个漫灌田的农民损失一半以上的水于蒸发和径流。
- 换成滴灌把水直接送到根部。
- 农民用一小部分的水种出同样的作物——在每一滴都重要的地方至关重要。
Irrigation supplies water to crops artificially. Flood and spray methods are cheap but waste much water to evaporation and runoff, and can waterlog or salinize soil. Drip irrigation delivers water straight to the roots with very little waste — the most efficient, if more expensive, method.
灌溉是人工地给作物供水。漫灌和喷灌便宜,但很多水浪费在蒸发和径流上,还能使土壤涝渍或盐碱化。滴灌把水直接送到根部,浪费很少——最高效的方法,尽管更贵。