Earth's Geography and Climate · 地球的地理与气候
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| rain shadow/reɪn ˈʃædəʊ/ | 雨影 | yǔ yǐng |
| current/ˈkʌrənt/ | 洋流 | yáng liú |
Why places differ
- Two places at the same latitude can have very different climates.
- A coast, a mountain, or a desert each shapes its own weather.
- Geography — the lay of the land — is a powerful climate-maker.
- A few key features explain most local differences.
地方为什么不同
- 同一纬度的两个地方可以有非常不同的气候。
- 一片海岸、一座山或一片沙漠,每一个都塑造它自己的天气。
- 地理——地势——是一个强大的气候制造者。
- 几个关键的特征解释了大多数地方的差异。
Latitude and altitude
- Latitude (distance from the equator) sets how direct the Sun is.
- Near the equator it is warm; toward the poles, cold.
- Altitude (height above sea level) matters too — air cools as you climb.
- So a tall mountain can be snow-capped even at the equator.
纬度与海拔
- 纬度(离赤道的距离)设定太阳有多直射。
- 在赤道附近温暖;朝两极,寒冷。
- 海拔(海平面以上的高度)也重要——你往上爬空气变冷。
- 所以一座高山即使在赤道也能被雪覆盖。
How does latitude (distance from the equator) affect climate? · 纬度(离赤道的距离)如何影响气候?
Near the equator the Sun is direct and warm; toward the poles it is slanted and cold. · 在赤道附近太阳直射而温暖;朝两极它斜射而寒冷。
The rain shadow
- When moist air hits a mountain, it is forced up and drops its rain on the near side.
- The far side, now getting dry air, receives little rain.
- This dry region is called a rain shadow 雨影.
- Many deserts sit in the rain shadow of a mountain range.
雨影
- 当潮湿的空气撞上一座山,它被迫上升,在近的一侧降下它的雨。
- 远的一侧,现在得到干燥的空气,收到很少的雨。
- 这个干燥的区域叫做雨影(rain shadow)。
- 许多沙漠坐落在一条山脉的雨影里。
As altitude increases (higher up a mountain), the temperature usually… · 随着海拔升高(在山上更高处),温度通常……
Air gets colder with height, so mountain tops are cold even near the equator. · 空气随高度变冷,所以即使在赤道附近山顶也很冷。
The dry region on the far side of a mountain, where rain rarely falls, is a rain . · 一座山另一侧很少下雨的干燥区域,是一个雨。
A rain shadow forms where a mountain forces air to drop its rain on one side, leaving the other dry. · 雨影形成于一座山迫使空气在一侧降下它的雨、让另一侧干燥的地方。
The moderating ocean
- Water heats and cools much more slowly than land.
- So a large ocean current 洋流 or sea nearby evens out temperatures.
- Coastal places have milder winters and cooler summers.
- Inland places, far from water, swing between hot and cold extremes.
调节的海洋
- 水加热和冷却比陆地慢得多。
- 所以附近一股大的洋流(ocean current)或海使温度变均匀。
- 沿海地方有更温和的冬天和更凉的夏天。
- 内陆地方,远离水,在炎热和寒冷的极端之间摆动。
What shapes a local climate? · 什么塑造一个地方的气候?
Sort each geographic feature by how it changes a region's climate. · 按照每个地理特征如何改变一个区域的气候,给它们分类。
Being near a large body of water tends to even out a region's temperatures. · 靠近一大片水体倾向于使一个区域的温度变均匀。
Water heats and cools slowly, so coastal areas have milder, more even climates. · 水加热和冷却得慢,所以沿海地区有更温和、更均匀的气候。
Select all · 所有 true statements about geography and climate. · 选出关于地理与气候的所有正确说法。
Geography strongly shapes local climate. The other three are correct. · 地理强烈地塑造地方气候。其余三条正确。
Latitude is not the whole story. Two towns at the same latitude can have opposite climates: one on a wet coast, one high on a mountain or in a rain shadow. Always consider altitude, mountains, and nearby water, not just how far a place is from the equator.
纬度不是全部的故事。同一纬度的两个镇可以有相反的气候:一个在潮湿的海岸,一个高在山上或在雨影里。总要考虑海拔、山脉和附近的水,而不只是一个地方离赤道多远。
One mountain, two climates:
- Moist ocean air rises up the windward side of a mountain and rains heavily — a lush green slope.
- Having lost its moisture, the dry air descends the far side.
- The leeward side sits in a rain shadow — often a desert, just kilometres from the rainforest.
一座山,两种气候:
- 潮湿的海洋空气沿一座山的迎风侧上升,下大雨——一个郁郁葱葱的绿色山坡。
- 失去了它的水分,干燥的空气沿远的一侧下降。
- 背风侧坐落在雨影里——常常是沙漠,离雨林仅几公里。
Geography strongly shapes local climate. Latitude and altitude both control temperature (higher and farther from the equator is colder). A mountain creates a dry rain shadow on its far side, and a nearby ocean current moderates coastal temperatures. These features explain why nearby places can have very different climates.
地理强烈地塑造地方气候。纬度和海拔都控制温度(越高、越远离赤道越冷)。一座山在它远的一侧造出干燥的雨影,而附近的洋流调节沿海温度。这些特征解释了为什么邻近的地方能有非常不同的气候。