Global Wind Patterns · 全球风带
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Coriolis effect/ˌkɒrɪˈəʊliz ɪˈfekt/ | 科里奥利效应 | kē lǐ ào lì xiào yìng |
Why the wind blows
- Winds are not random — they follow steady global patterns.
- The same belts of wind have blown for millions of years.
- They decide where rainforests grow and where deserts spread.
- It all starts with the Sun heating the Earth unevenly.
风为什么吹
- 风不是随机的——它们遵循稳定的全球模式。
- 同样的风带已经吹了数百万年。
- 它们决定雨林在哪里生长、沙漠在哪里蔓延。
- 这一切都从太阳不均匀地加热地球开始。
Uneven heating
- The Sun heats the equator far more than the poles.
- Warm air is less dense, so it rises high into the sky.
- As it rises it cools and drops heavy rain.
- This is why lush rainforests ring the equator.
不均匀的加热
- 太阳加热赤道远比加热两极多。
- 暖空气密度较小,所以它高高升上天空。
- 它上升时冷却,降下大雨。
- 这就是为什么茂盛的雨林环绕赤道。
What ultimately drives global wind patterns? · 最终驱动全球风带的是什么?
The Sun heats the equator more than the poles; this uneven heating drives the winds. · 太阳加热赤道比加热两极多;这种不均匀的加热驱动风。
Rising and sinking air
- The dry air, now high up, spreads away from the equator.
- Around 30 degrees latitude it cools and sinks back down.
- Sinking dry air brings little rain, creating deserts like the Sahara.
- This rising and sinking sets up huge circulation cells.
上升和下沉的空气
- 干燥的空气,现在在高处,从赤道散开。
- 在纬度 30 度左右,它冷却并下沉回来。
- 下沉的干燥空气带来很少的雨,造出像撒哈拉这样的沙漠。
- 这种上升和下沉建立起巨大的环流圈。
Why winds blow · 风为什么吹
Step through the cycle - the Sun heats the equator, air rises, and circulation cells drive the global winds. · 一步步走过这个循环——太阳加热赤道,空气上升,环流圈驱动全球的风。
Warm air at the equator tends to… · 赤道的暖空气倾向于……
Warm, less-dense air rises, cools, and releases rain — that is why rainforests ring the equator. · 温暖、密度较小的空气上升、冷却、释放雨——这就是为什么雨林环绕赤道。
Dry air sinking around 30 degrees latitude creates many of the world's . · 干燥的空气在纬度 30 度左右下沉,造出世界上许多。
The sinking dry air near 30 degrees gives little rain, forming deserts like the Sahara. · 30 度附近下沉的干燥空气降雨很少,形成像撒哈拉这样的沙漠。
The winds curve
- Air flowing along the surface would blow in straight lines — but Earth is spinning.
- Earth's rotation bends the moving air (the Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应).
- This curving creates steady belts like the trade winds.
- Sailors have relied on these predictable winds for centuries.
风弯曲
- 沿地表流动的空气本会直线吹——但地球在自转。
- 地球的自转弯曲移动的空气(科里奥利效应(Coriolis effect))。
- 这种弯曲创造出像信风这样稳定的风带。
- 水手们几个世纪来依赖这些可预测的风。
Earth's rotation bends the moving air, giving winds their curved paths. · 地球的自转弯曲移动的空气,给风它们弯曲的路径。
The Coriolis effect from Earth's spin curves the winds, creating patterns like the trade winds. · 地球自转产生的科里奥利效应弯曲风,创造像信风这样的模式。
Select all · 所有 true statements about global wind patterns. · 选出关于全球风带的所有正确说法。
The Sun is the ultimate driver of the winds. The other three are correct. · 太阳是风的最终驱动者。其余三条正确。
The whole pattern traces back to the Sun, not to random chance. Uneven heating makes air rise at the equator and sink near 30 degrees — which is why the world's great deserts and rainforests sit in predictable latitude bands, not just anywhere.
整个模式可以追溯到太阳,而不是随机的偶然。不均匀的加热让空气在赤道上升、在 30 度附近下沉——这就是为什么世界上大的沙漠和雨林坐落在可预测的纬度带里,而不是随便什么地方。
Rainforest and desert, side by side in latitude:
- At the equator, rising air dumps rain — home to the Amazon and Congo rainforests.
- Near 30 degrees north and south, sinking dry air starves the land of rain — home to the Sahara and Australian deserts.
- The same circulation makes both, just at different latitudes.
纬度上并排的雨林和沙漠:
- 在赤道,上升的空气倾下雨——亚马逊和刚果雨林的家。
- 在南北纬 30 度附近,下沉的干燥空气让土地缺雨——撒哈拉和澳大利亚沙漠的家。
- 同样的环流造出两者,只是在不同的纬度。
Global wind patterns are driven by the Sun's uneven heating of Earth. Warm air rises at the equator (heavy rain, rainforests) and sinks near 30 degrees (dry air, deserts). Earth's rotation bends the moving air through the Coriolis effect, creating steady wind belts like the trade winds.
全球风带由太阳对地球的不均匀加热驱动。暖空气在赤道上升(大雨、雨林),在 30 度附近下沉(干燥空气、沙漠)。地球的自转通过科里奥利效应弯曲移动的空气,创造出像信风这样稳定的风带。