Soil Composition and Properties · 土壤组成与性质
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| texture/ˈtekstʃə/ | 质地 | zhì dì |
| sand/sænd/ | 砂粒 | shā lì |
| silt/sɪlt/ | 粉粒 | fěn lì |
| clay/kleɪ/ | 黏粒 | nián lì |
| loam/ləʊm/ | 壤土 | rǎng tǔ |
What soil is made of
- Not all soil is the same — some is gritty, some sticky, some smooth.
- The difference comes from the size of its particles.
- Particle size decides how soil holds water and feeds plants.
- Getting the mix right is the key to good farmland.
土壤由什么组成
- 不是所有土壤都一样——有的粗糙,有的黏,有的光滑。
- 区别来自它颗粒的大小。
- 颗粒大小决定土壤如何保持水、喂养植物。
- 把混合弄对,是好农田的关键。
Three particle sizes
- Soil texture 质地 depends on the mix of three particle sizes.
- Sand 砂粒 particles are the largest and grittiest.
- Silt 粉粒 particles are medium, smooth like flour.
- Clay 黏粒 particles are the tiniest of all.
三种颗粒大小
- 土壤质地(texture)取决于三种颗粒大小的混合。
- 沙(sand)颗粒最大、最粗糙。
- 粉沙(silt)颗粒中等,像面粉一样光滑。
- 黏土(clay)颗粒是所有中最小的。
Soil texture is determined by… · 土壤质地由……决定。
Soil texture comes from the proportion of sand, silt, and clay it contains. · 土壤质地来自它所含的沙、粉沙和黏土的比例。
How texture affects water
- Big sand particles leave big gaps, so water drains through fast.
- Tiny clay particles pack tightly, holding water and nutrients — but can waterlog.
- Silt sits in between.
- Texture also sets a soil's permeability — how easily water passes through.
质地如何影响水
- 大的沙颗粒留下大的空隙,所以水快速排过。
- 小的黏土颗粒紧密堆积,保持水和养分——但可能积水。
- 粉沙位于中间。
- 质地也设定一种土壤的渗透性——水通过得多容易。
Sandy soil, with large particles, tends to… · 有大颗粒的沙质土壤倾向于……
Big sand particles leave big gaps, so water drains through quickly. · 大的沙颗粒留下大的空隙,所以水快速排过。
The smallest particles, which hold water tightly, are . · 最小的、紧紧保持水的颗粒是。
Clay particles are tiny with tiny gaps, so they hold water and can waterlog. · 黏土颗粒很小、空隙很小,所以它们保持水,可能积水。
The ideal soil: loam
- Loam 壤土 is a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay.
- It drains well enough to avoid waterlogging.
- Yet it still holds enough water and nutrients for roots.
- This balance makes loam the best soil for most crops.
理想的土壤:壤土
- 壤土(loam)是沙、粉沙和黏土的平衡混合。
- 它排水足够好,能避免积水。
- 然而它仍然为根保持足够的水和养分。
- 这种平衡让壤土成为大多数作物最好的土壤。
Sort the soil particles · 给土壤颗粒分类
Sort each soil particle by its size - the mix of sizes gives a soil its texture and properties. · 按照大小给每个土壤颗粒分类——大小的混合给一种土壤它的质地和性质。
Loam, a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay, is ideal for most plants. · 壤土,沙、粉沙和黏土的平衡混合,对大多数植物是理想的。
Loam drains well but still holds water and nutrients — the best of both worlds for crops. · 壤土排水好,但仍保持水和养分——对作物来说两全其美。
Select all · 所有 true statements about soil properties. · 选出关于土壤性质的所有正确说法。
Soils vary enormously in texture and properties. The other three are correct. · 土壤在质地和性质上差异巨大。其余三条正确。
Neither pure sand nor pure clay is good farmland. Pure sand drains too fast and holds no nutrients; pure clay holds water so tightly it waterlogs and starves roots of air. The best soils, like loam, are a balance of all three particle sizes.
纯沙和纯黏土都不是好农田。纯沙排水太快、不保持养分;纯黏土保持水太紧,会积水,让根缺氧。最好的土壤,像壤土,是全部三种颗粒大小的平衡。
Watering a sandy versus a clay pot:
- Pour water on sandy soil and it runs straight through — plants can dry out.
- Pour the same water on clay soil and it sits on top, then waterlogs the roots.
- Loam soaks up the water and holds just enough — which is why gardeners prize it.
给沙土盆和黏土盆浇水:
- 把水倒在沙质土壤上,它径直流过——植物可能干枯。
- 把同样的水倒在黏土土壤上,它坐在上面,然后让根积水。
- 壤土吸收水并保持刚好足够——这就是园丁珍视它的原因。
Soil texture depends on the mix of sand (large, fast-draining), silt (medium), and clay (tiny, water-holding) particles. Texture controls how soil holds water and nutrients. A balanced mix — loam — drains well yet holds enough water, making it ideal for most plants.
土壤质地取决于沙(大、排水快)、粉沙(中等)和黏土(小、保水)颗粒的混合。质地控制土壤如何保持水和养分。一个平衡的混合——壤土——排水好但保持足够的水,使它对大多数植物是理想的。