K-Selected and r-Selected Species · K对策物种与r对策物种
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| r-selected/ɑː sɪˈlektɪd/ | r对策 | r duì cè |
| K-selected/keɪ sɪˈlektɪd/ | K对策 | K duì cè |
Two ways to have young
- Some animals have thousands of young and abandon them.
- Others have one or two and care for them for years.
- These are two opposite reproductive strategies.
- Each works well in different conditions.
生育后代的两种方式
- 有些动物有数千个幼体,然后抛弃它们。
- 另一些有一两个,照顾它们好几年。
- 这是两种相反的繁殖策略。
- 每一种在不同的条件下都运作得好。
r-selected: many and fast
- An r-selected r对策 species produces many offspring, fast.
- It gives little or no parental care.
- Most young die, but a few survive to keep the population going.
- Frogs, insects, and weeds are classic r-strategists.
r对策:又多又快
- 一个 r对策(r-selected)物种快速产生许多后代。
- 它少有或没有亲代照顾。
- 大多数幼体死亡,但少数存活,让种群延续下去。
- 蛙、昆虫和杂草是典型的 r 对策者。
An r-selected species tends to… · 一个r对策物种倾向于……
r-selected species have many offspring quickly and give little care — most young die, but some survive. · r对策物种快速产生许多后代,少有照顾——大多数幼体死亡,但一些存活。
K-selected: few and cared for
- A K-selected K对策 species produces few offspring.
- It invests heavily in each one, with lots of care.
- Because they are protected, most young survive to adulthood.
- Elephants, whales, and humans are K-strategists.
K对策:少而受照顾
- 一个 K对策(K-selected)物种产生少数后代。
- 它对每一个大量投入,有大量照顾。
- 因为受到保护,大多数幼体存活到成年。
- 大象、鲸和人类是 K 对策者。
A K-selected species tends to… · 一个K对策物种倾向于……
K-selected species have few offspring but invest heavily in each, so most survive. · K对策物种有少数后代,但对每一个大量投入,所以大多数存活。
A species that reproduces fast and colonises new areas quickly is usually ____-selected. · 一个快速繁殖、快速定植新区域的物种通常是____对策。
r-selected species reproduce fast and are good at colonising disturbed or new habitats. · r对策物种快速繁殖,擅长定植受干扰的或新的栖息地。
Different strategies, different homes
- r-strategists thrive in unstable, changing, or new habitats.
- They colonise disturbed ground quickly, like weeds after a fire.
- K-strategists thrive in stable, crowded habitats near carrying capacity.
- There they compete by quality, not quantity, of offspring.
不同的策略,不同的家
- r 对策者在不稳定、变化或新的栖息地里繁盛。
- 它们迅速定植受干扰的地面,像火灾后的杂草。
- K 对策者在稳定、拥挤、接近承载力的栖息地里繁盛。
- 在那里它们靠后代的质量而不是数量来竞争。
Many offspring or few? · 许多后代还是少数?
Sort each species by its reproductive strategy - lots of offspring with little care (r), or few with heavy care (K). · 按照繁殖策略给每个物种分类——许多后代但少照顾(r),还是少数但重照顾(K)。
r-selected species are often the first to colonise a disturbed habitat. · r对策物种常常是最先定植受干扰栖息地的。
Fast-breeding r-strategists move in quickly after a disturbance, like weeds on bare soil. · 快速繁殖的 r 对策者在干扰后迅速迁入,像裸土上的杂草。
Select all · 所有 true statements about r and K strategies. · 选出关于 r 和 K 对策的所有正确说法。
K-selected species have few offspring, not thousands. The other three are correct. · K对策物种有少数后代,不是数千个。其余三条正确。
Neither strategy is "better" — each suits its environment. r-selection wins where conditions change fast and habitats open up. K-selection wins in stable, crowded habitats where careful investment in a few strong offspring pays off. The best strategy depends on the situation.
两种策略都不"更好"——每一种都适合它的环境。r对策在条件快速变化、栖息地开放的地方获胜。K对策在稳定、拥挤的栖息地里获胜,那里对少数强壮后代的仔细投入得到回报。最好的策略取决于情况。
After a wildfire:
- The bare ground is first colonised by fast-breeding r-strategists — weeds and insects.
- They flood the area with offspring and grab the open space.
- Later, as the habitat stabilises, slower K-strategists like trees and large animals move in and dominate.
野火之后:
- 裸露的地面先被快速繁殖的 r 对策者定植——杂草和昆虫。
- 它们用后代淹没这片区域,抢占开放的空间。
- 后来,随着栖息地稳定,更慢的 K 对策者像树和大型动物迁入并占主导。
Species follow two reproductive strategies. r-selected species have many offspring with little care (frogs, weeds) and colonise new habitats fast. K-selected species have few offspring with lots of care (elephants, humans) and thrive in stable, crowded habitats. Each strategy suits different conditions.
物种遵循两种繁殖策略。r对策物种有许多后代但少照顾(蛙、杂草),快速定植新栖息地。K对策物种有少数后代但有大量照顾(大象、人类),在稳定、拥挤的栖息地里繁盛。每种策略适合不同的条件。