Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems · 生态系统的自然干扰
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| disruption/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ | 干扰 | gān rǎo |
| periodic/ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk/ | 周期性 | zhōu qī xìng |
| episodic/ˌepɪˈsɒdɪk/ | 偶发性 | ǒu fā xìng |
| random/ˈrændəm/ | 随机 | suí jī |
Nature shakes things up
- Ecosystems are not always calm and steady.
- Fires burn, storms rage, and floods sweep through.
- These natural events disturb the community and its environment.
- How often they happen shapes how the ecosystem responds.
大自然搅动局面
- 生态系统并不总是平静而稳定的。
- 火在烧,风暴在肆虐,洪水横扫而过。
- 这些自然事件扰乱群落和它的环境。
- 它们多久发生一次,塑造了生态系统如何响应。
What a disruption is
- A natural disruption 干扰 is an event that disturbs an ecosystem.
- Fires, storms, floods, droughts, and disease outbreaks are all disruptions.
- They can kill organisms and change the physical environment.
- But they are a normal part of how ecosystems work.
什么是干扰
- 一个自然干扰(disruption)是一个扰乱生态系统的事件。
- 火、风暴、洪水、干旱和疾病暴发都是干扰。
- 它们能杀死生物、改变物理环境。
- 但它们是生态系统运作方式的正常一部分。
A natural disruption is… · 一个自然干扰是……
A natural disruption — fire, storm, flood, disease — disturbs an ecosystem's balance. · 一个自然干扰——火、风暴、洪水、疾病——扰乱生态系统的平衡。
Sorting by how often
- A periodic 周期性 disruption happens on a regular cycle, like spring floods.
- An episodic 偶发性 disruption is occasional and irregular, like a wildfire every few decades.
- A random 随机 disruption is rare and unpredictable, like a meteor strike.
- The frequency decides how well a community is prepared.
按频率分类
- 一个周期性(periodic)干扰按规律的周期发生,像春天的洪水。
- 一个偶发性(episodic)干扰是偶尔、不规律的,像每几十年一次的野火。
- 一个随机(random)干扰罕见且不可预测,像陨石撞击。
- 频率决定一个群落准备得有多好。
A periodic disruption is one that… · 一个周期性干扰是……的。
A periodic disruption recurs regularly — like seasonal flooding every spring. · 一个周期性干扰有规律地重复——像每年春天的季节性洪水。
A rare, unpredictable event like a meteor strike is a ____ disruption. · 一个罕见、不可预测的事件,比如陨石撞击,是一个____干扰。
A random disruption strikes rarely and without warning. · 一个随机干扰罕见地、毫无预警地发生。
Adapted to disturbance
- Ecosystems that face regular disruptions often adapt to them.
- Some pine forests actually need periodic fire to release their seeds.
- After a disturbance, the community usually recovers over time.
- So a natural disruption is not the end — often it renews the ecosystem.
适应了干扰
- 面对规律干扰的生态系统常常适应它们。
- 有些松林实际上需要周期性的火来释放它们的种子。
- 一次干扰之后,群落通常随时间恢复。
- 所以一个自然干扰不是终点——它常常让生态系统更新。
How often does it happen? · 它多久发生一次?
Sort each natural disruption by how regularly it occurs - periodic, episodic, or random. · 按照每个自然干扰发生的规律性——周期性、偶发性,还是随机——给它们分类。
Many ecosystems are adapted to periodic disruptions and recover from them. · 许多生态系统适应了周期性干扰,并能从中恢复。
Ecosystems evolved with regular disruptions like fire, and often depend on them to stay healthy. · 生态系统与像火这样的规律干扰一同进化,常常依赖它们来保持健康。
Select all · 所有 true statements about natural disruptions. · 选出关于自然干扰的所有正确说法。
Many ecosystems recover from natural disruptions. The other three are correct. · 许多生态系统能从自然干扰中恢复。其余三条正确。
Natural disruptions are normal, and many ecosystems depend on them. Suppressing all wildfires, for example, lets dead wood build up until one huge, destructive fire results. A regular natural disruption can keep an ecosystem healthier than never disturbing it at all.
自然干扰是正常的,而且许多生态系统依赖它们。例如,压制所有野火,会让枯木堆积,直到一场巨大、破坏性的火灾发生。一个规律的自然干扰能让生态系统比完全不干扰它更健康。
Fire and the pine forest:
- Some pines have cones that only open in the heat of a fire.
- Periodic fires clear the undergrowth and release the seeds to sprout.
- Stop all fires, and the forest becomes overgrown and vulnerable — the disruption was part of a healthy cycle.
火与松林:
- 有些松树的球果只在火的高热中打开。
- 周期性的火清除下层灌木,释放种子去发芽。
- 停止所有的火,森林就变得过度生长而脆弱——这个干扰是一个健康循环的一部分。
A natural disruption — fire, storm, flood, disease — disturbs an ecosystem. They vary in frequency: periodic (regular), episodic (occasional), and random (rare, unpredictable). Ecosystems often adapt to and even depend on regular disruptions, and usually recover from them over time.
一个自然干扰——火、风暴、洪水、疾病——扰乱一个生态系统。它们的频率不同:周期性(规律)、偶发性(偶尔)和随机(罕见、不可预测)。生态系统常常适应甚至依赖规律的干扰,并通常随时间从中恢复。