An Exam-Day Evidence Routine · 考试当天的证据流程
The rules have not changed all year
- Evidence illustrates, clarifies, exemplifies, associates, amplifies or qualifies a point.
- It is effective when commentary explains a logical relationship to the claim, and sufficient when quantity and quality provide apt support.
- Everything else this year has been these three sentences applied to different texts.
By the final unit, evidence has still not been promoted to the job of explaining itself.
这些规则一整年都没有变过
- 证据用来说明、澄清、举例、关联、放大或限定某个要点。
- 当评述解释了它与主张之间的逻辑关系时它才有效,当数量与质量提供了恰当的支撑时它才充分。
- 这一年的其余一切,都是这三句话被用在不同的文本上。
学到最后一单元，证据也还没被提拔到“自己解释自己”的岗位。
Select all · 所有 the unchanged rules about evidence. · 选出关于证据的所有未变规则。
Length has never been one of the rules. · 长度从来不是规则之一。
A routine beats a decision under time pressure
- On the day you will not have attention to spare for method.
- So fix the sequence now: read, underline, group, claim, link.
- A routine you have practised runs without costing you the thinking you need for the text.
在时间压力下,流程胜过临时决定
- 到了那一天,你不会有多余的注意力用在方法上。
- 因此现在就把顺序定下来:读、划、分组、立主张、作连接。
- 一套你练过的流程会自行运转,不会耗掉你留给文本的思考。
The exam version of the recursive process is... · 递归过程在考场上的版本是……
It is faster, and it cannot produce a thesis you have no evidence for. · 它更快,而且不可能产出一个你没有证据的论点。
Recursion is built in
- The process is recursive: the interpretation can come from the evidence, or the evidence from the interpretation.
- The exam version of that is: underline first, then decide what the underlinings are about.
- It is faster than deciding first, and it cannot produce a thesis you have no evidence for.
递归内置其中
- 这个过程是递归的:阐释可以来自证据,证据也可以来自阐释。
- 它在考场上的版本是:先划线,再决定这些划线关乎什么。
- 这比先作决定更快,而且它不可能产出一个你没有证据的论点。
Cross out the phrases you will not use ____ you start writing. · 在你开始写 ____ 就划掉那些你不会用的短语。
A phrase left in your head will dilute a paragraph it does not belong to. · 留在脑子里的短语,会冲淡一个它并不属于的段落。
Cross out the phrases you will not use before you start writing. A striking phrase left in your head will find its way into a paragraph it does not belong to and dilute the claim — and on a timed essay you will not have the attention to notice it happening.
**在开始写之前,把你不会用的短语划掉。**一个留在脑子里的精彩短语,总会挤进一个它并不属于的段落并冲淡那个主张——而在限时写作中,你不会有注意力察觉这件事正在发生。
Run an exam-day evidence routine · 考场上的证据流程
Under time pressure the order of operations is what protects the essay from becoming summary. · 在时间压力下,操作顺序是防止文章变成复述的保障。
Put the five-step routine in order. · 把五步流程排序。
A routine you have practised runs without costing you the thinking you need for the text. · 一套你练过的流程会自行运转,不会耗掉你留给文本的思考。
Cut before you write, not after
- Of the phrases you underline, some will serve no purpose in the argument you settle on.
- Cross them out on the question paper before you start writing.
- A phrase left in your head will find its way into a paragraph and dilute it.
在动笔前删,而不是之后
- 你划出的短语中,有些在你最终选定的论证里不会起任何作用。
- 在开始写之前,就在试卷上把它们划掉。
- 留在脑子里的短语,总会挤进某一段并把它冲淡。
Fixing a routine in advance saves attention on the day. · 事先定好流程,能在考试当天节省注意力。
On the day you will not have attention to spare for method. · 到了那一天,你不会有多余的注意力用在方法上。
The routine, in five steps
- Read once for sense. Underline the five or six phrases that struck you.
- Group them; the largest group is your thesis. Assign each a purpose from the six.
- Cross out the ungrouped ones. Then write, giving every quotation its linking sentence.
五步流程
- 先通读一遍抓大意。划出击中你的那五六个短语。
- 把它们分组;最大的一组就是你的论点。为每一个从六种目的中指派一个。
- 划掉未能归组的。然后动笔,给每一处引文配上它的连接句。
Six underlinings. Four are about how the speaker refers to time; two are about weather. The four become the thesis; the two are crossed out on the paper before a word is written. Nothing beautiful is lost — it is set aside, which is the only way to keep it out of paragraph three.
六处划线。四处关乎说话者如何指涉时间;两处关乎天气。那四处成为论点;那两处在写下第一个字之前就在卷面上被划掉。没有什么美好的东西被丢掉——它只是被搁在一边,而这是把它挡在第三段之外的唯一办法。
The three rules are unchanged: the six purposes, effective through commentary, sufficient through quantity and quality. Use the recursion deliberately — underline first, then decide what the underlinings are about — and cross out what you will not use before you write.
三条规则没有变:六种目的、通过评述而有效、通过数量与质量而充分。要有意使用这一递归——先划线,再决定这些划线关乎什么——并在动笔之前划掉你不会用的部分。