Symbols · 象征
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| When a material object comes to represent, or stand for, an idea or concept, it becomes a symbol | 象征 | xiàng zhēng |
A symbol is made, not found
- When a material object comes to represent, or stand for, an idea or concept, it becomes a symbol 象征.
- Comes to is the working phrase: the object is not born symbolic.
- So the analysis has to show where in the text the object acquired its meaning.
A key is not a symbol just because a literature student spotted it; wait for the text to turn it.
象征是被造出来的,不是被找到的
- 象征(symbol)。
- "开始"是起作用的措辞:这个对象并非生来就是象征。
- 因此分析必须说明这个对象是在文本的哪个位置获得其含义的。
钥匙不会因为文学课学生看见它，就自动变成象征；得等文本赋予它意义。
The CED's phrase for how an object becomes a symbol is that it... · CED描述对象如何成为象征的短语是它...
So the analysis must show where the text attached the meaning. · 因此分析必须展示在哪里文本赋予了意义。
Characters can be symbolic too
- When a character comes to represent, or stand for, an idea or concept, that character becomes symbolic.
- The CED adds that some symbolic characters are so common they are archetypal — and repeats its note: the exam will not require students to identify or label archetypes.
- So write about what the character represents, never about which archetype they are.
人物也可以是象征性的
- 当一个人物开始代表或指代某个观念或概念时,该人物就成为象征性的。
- CED 补充说,有些象征性人物如此常见,以至于成为原型——并重复了那条注:考试不会要求学生指认或标注原型。
- 因此要写这个人物代表什么,绝不要写他们属于哪个原型。
You should identify which archetype a symbolic character belongs to. · 你应该识别出象征性人物属于哪种原型。
The CED repeats here that the exam will not · 不 require labelling archetypes. · CED在此处重复指出，考试不要求标记原型。
Common symbols versus contextualised ones
- Certain symbols are so common and recurrent that many readers have associations with them prior to reading a text.
- Other symbols are more contextualized and only come to represent certain things through their use in a particular text.
- The second kind is where the marks are, because the text alone can prove it.
常见象征与语境化象征
- 某些象征如此常见和反复出现,以至于许多读者在读文本之前就已对它们有联想。
- 另一些象征则更依赖语境,只有通过在特定文本中的使用才开始代表某些东西。
- 分数在第二类里,因为仅凭文本本身就能证明它。
Common, contextualised, or not yet a symbol? · 常见的、情境化的或尚未成为象征？
Sort each object by its status in the text. · 根据对象在文本中的状态对其进行分类。
Select all · 所有 the CED's statements about kinds of symbols. · 选择所有关于象征种类的CED陈述。
There is rarely one correct meaning, which is why an essay must argue its reading. · 很少有一个正确的含义，这就是为什么论文必须论证其解读
An object is not born symbolic — show where the text made it one. The CED's phrase is comes to represent, so an essay must point at the repetition or scene that attached the meaning. Asserting that a river "symbolises time" without that evidence is a guess dressed as a reading.
**对象并非生来就是象征——要说明文本是在哪里把它变成象征的。**CED 的措辞是"开始代表",因此文章必须指出附加了含义的那次重复或那个场景。在没有这种证据的情况下断言一条河"象征时间",是一个装扮成解读的猜测。
The marks are in ____ symbols, because the text alone can prove them. · 分数在于____象征，因为只有文本本身才能证明它们。
Common symbols rely on associations the reader brought with them. · 常见象征依赖于读者带来的联想。
Meaning depends on reader and context
- A symbol can represent different things depending on the experiences of a reader or the context of its use in a text.
- So there is rarely one correct meaning, and an essay must argue for its reading rather than assert it.
- The context half is the arguable half: show what this text made the object mean.
含义取决于读者与语境
- 一个象征可以代表不同的东西,取决于读者的经验或它在文本中使用的语境。
- 因此很少有唯一正确的含义,而文章必须为自己的解读作论证,而不是断言它。
- 语境那一半才是可论证的一半:说明这个文本让这个对象意味着什么。
Put the symbol pass in order. · 将象征检查按顺序排列。
The second step is the one that separates a reading from a guess. · 第二步是将解读与猜测区分开来的那一步。
A symbol pass
- Name the object or character, and the idea it comes to represent.
- Quote the place where the text attaches the two — usually a repetition or a scene.
- Say whether the symbol is common or contextualised, and argue the reading rather than assuming it.
象征检查
- 说出这个对象或人物,以及它开始代表的那个观念。
- 引出文本把两者连接起来的那一处——通常是一次重复或一个场景。
- 说出这个象征是常见的还是语境化的,并为这一解读作论证,而不是想当然。
A coat appears in chapter three as a coat. In chapter eleven it is offered and refused; in chapter twenty-eight it is mended by the wrong person. By then it has come to represent what the family will and will not accept from each other — and every step is quotable.
一件外套在第三章出现时只是一件外套。第十一章里它被递出又被拒绝;第二十八章里它被错的人补好了。到那时它已经开始代表这个家庭之间愿意与不愿意接受的东西——而每一步都可以引用。
An object or character comes to represent an idea — show where. Some symbols are common (readers arrive with associations); others are contextualised and mean only what this text made them mean, which is where the marks are. Meaning depends on reader and context, so argue the reading. Never label archetypes.
对象或人物是开始代表某个观念的——要说明在哪里。有些象征是常见的(读者带着联想而来);另一些是语境化的,只意味着这个文本让它们意味的东西,而分数就在那里。含义取决于读者与语境,因此要为解读作论证。绝不要标注原型。