Personification · 拟人化
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Personification/pɜːˈsɒnɪfɪkeɪʃn/ | 拟人 | nǐ rén |
A comparison, not a decoration
- Personification 拟人 is a type of comparison that assigns a human trait or quality to a nonhuman object, entity or idea.
- The CED classes it as a comparison, which means everything you know about metaphor applies.
- There is a main subject, a transferred quality, and a context that decides which quality.
When a clock “complains,” it has acquired a human trait and an unusually full schedule.
一种比喻,不是装饰
- 拟人(personification)是一种比喻,把某种人类特征或品质赋予非人的物体、实体或观念。
- CED 把它归为一种比喻,这意味着你所知道的关于隐喻的一切在此都适用。
- 有一个主体、一种被转移的品质,以及一个决定是哪种品质的语境。
钟表一旦“抱怨”，它既有了人的特征，日程似乎也太满了。
The CED's definition of personification ends with the purpose of... · CED对拟人化的定义以……的目的结尾。
So personification does to a thing what description does to a person. · 因此，拟人化对事物的作用，正如描写对人的作用一样。
It characterises
- The CED ends the sentence with a purpose: thus characterizing that object, entity or idea.
- So personification does to a thing what description does to a person.
- The analysis therefore names a character — what kind of thing this river, grief or house now is.
它进行刻画
- CED 用一个目的结束这句话:从而刻画那个物体、实体或观念。
- 因此拟人对一件事物所做的,正是描写对一个人所做的。
- 因此分析要点出一种性格——这条河、这份悲伤或这所房子如今是何种东西。
Personification is classed by the CED as a type of comparison. · CED将拟人化归类为一种比较类型。
So everything you know about metaphor applies: main subject, transferred quality, context. · 因此，你了解隐喻的一切规则同样适用于此：主体、转移的品质、语境。
Name the exact human trait
- The wind is personified identifies the device and stops.
- Which human trait? Patience, malice, indifference, exhaustion — each characterises differently.
- The trait is the analysable content; the label is not.
点出确切的那项人类特征
- 风被拟人化了只是指认了手法,到此为止。
- 是哪一项人类特征?耐心、恶意、漠然、疲惫——每一种刻画都不同。
- 特征才是可供分析的内容;标签不是。
What does this personification characterise the thing as? · 这种拟人化将该事物刻画成什么特质？
Sort each phrase by the character it gives the nonhuman subject. · 根据非人类主体被赋予的性格，对每个短语进行归类。
The analysable content is the exact human ____ assigned, not the label. · 可分析的内容是指分配给它的精确人类____，而非标签本身。
Patient, malicious and exhausted are three different poems. · 耐心、恶意和疲惫是三种不同的诗。
"The wind is personified" is identification, not analysis. The CED's definition ends in characterizing — so the answer must name the exact human trait assigned and what kind of thing the object thereby becomes. Patient, malicious and exhausted are three different poems.
"风被拟人化了"是指认,不是分析。CED 的定义以刻画收尾——因此答案必须点出被赋予的确切人类特征,以及那个物体因此成为何种东西。有耐心、有恶意、疲惫不堪,是三首不同的诗。
In a first-person poem, a personification belongs to... · 在第一人称诗中，拟人化归属于……
A speaker who finds the sea patient has told you something about themselves. · 一位认为大海耐心的说话者，实际上是在告诉你关于他自己的事。
Who is doing the personifying
- A personification in a first-person poem belongs to the speaker, not to the world.
- A speaker who finds the sea patient has told you something about themselves.
- So ask, as with any comparison, what choosing it says about the one who chose it.
是谁在进行拟人
- 第一人称诗中的拟人属于说话者,而不属于世界。
- 一个觉得大海有耐心的说话者,已经告诉了你关于他自己的某些东西。
- 因此要像对待任何比喻一样,问选择它说明了选择者什么。
Match each personification to what it characterises the thing as. · 将每个拟人化与其刻画出的事物特质相匹配。
Three traits, three characters, three different poems. · 三种特质，三种性格，三首不同的诗。
A personification pass
- Name the nonhuman subject and the exact human trait assigned.
- Say how that trait characterises the subject.
- Then ask what the choice of that particular trait says about the speaker.
拟人检查
- 说出那个非人的主体,以及被赋予的确切人类特征。
- 说出那项特征如何刻画了这个主体。
- 然后问,选择那一项特定特征,说明了说话者什么。
The sea is patient. Trait: patience. Characterisation: the sea now has intention and time, and is waiting for something. Speaker: someone who believes the sea is coming for the house eventually — which the poem confirms four lines later without ever saying so.
*大海很有耐心。*特征:耐心。刻画:大海如今有了意图与时间,并在等待某样东西。说话者:一个相信大海终将向这所房子而来的人——而这首诗在四行之后确认了这一点,却从未明说。
Personification is a type of comparison assigning a human trait to a nonhuman object, entity or idea, thus characterizing it. Name the exact trait, say how it characterises the subject, and — since it is a comparison — ask what choosing it says about the speaker.
拟人是一种比喻,把人类特征赋予非人的物体、实体或观念,从而刻画它。要点出确切的特征,说出它如何刻画了这个主体,并且——既然它是一种比喻——问选择它说明了说话者什么。