Patterns and Expectations · 模式与期待
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Some patterns in dramatic situations are so common that they are considered archetypes | 原型 | yuán xíng |
Some dramatic situations are very old
- Some patterns in dramatic situations are so common that they are considered archetypes 原型.
- The journey home, the inheritance, the return of someone thought lost.
- You have read them before, in other stories, and so has every reader.
The journey home is an archetype; getting lost because the traveller refuses directions is characterisation.
有些戏剧情境非常古老
- 原型(archetypes)。
- 回家的旅程、一份遗产、被认为已经失去的人的归来。
- 你从前在别的故事里读过它们,每一位读者也都读过。
返乡之旅是原型；旅人因为拒绝问路而迷路，才是人物塑造。
On the AP exam you should identify and label the archetype you find. · 在 AP 考试中,你应当指认并标注你发现的原型。
The CED says outright that students are not expected to do this. · CED 直接说明,学生不需要这样做。
They create expectations
- These archetypes create certain expectations for how the dramatic situations will progress and be resolved.
- The expectation exists before the story does anything with it.
- So the reader arrives at each page already predicting — and the text can use that.
它们制造期待
- 这些原型对戏剧情境将如何推进和收束,制造出某种期待。
- 在故事对它有任何作为之前,这种期待就已经存在。
- 因此读者到达每一页时都已在预测——而文本可以利用这一点。
What earns marks about a common pattern is... · 关于常见模式,能得分的是……
Met, delayed or refused — that is the analysable thing. · 满足、推迟,还是拒绝——那才是可供分析的东西。
You are not asked to name them
- The CED adds a note in its own voice: for the exam, students are not expected to identify or label archetypes.
- So an essay that announces "this is the hero's journey" is spending words on something unrewarded.
- What is rewarded is the expectation and what the story does with it.
你不需要为它们命名
- CED 用自己的口吻加了一条注:在考试中,学生不需要指认或标注原型。
- 因此宣称"这是英雄之旅"的文章,是在一件不给分的事上花字数。
- 得分的是那种期待,以及故事拿它做了什么。
Watch a pattern set up an expectation · 看一个模式如何建立期待
Patterns matter because a reader starts predicting — and the text can then confirm or break the prediction. · 模式之所以重要,是因为读者开始预测——文本随后可以证实或打破这个预测。
Select all · 所有 the things a story can do with an expectation. · 选出故事可以对一种期待所做的所有事。
Explaining an expectation is criticism, not narrative. · 解释一种期待是评论,不是叙事。
The CED says outright that you are not expected to identify or label archetypes on the exam. Naming one costs words and earns nothing. What earns marks is the expectation the pattern creates and what the story does with it — met, delayed, or refused.
CED 直接说明,考试中你不需要指认或标注原型。为它命名要花字数,却得不到分。得分的是这一模式所制造的期待,以及故事拿它做了什么——满足、推迟,还是拒绝。
The expectation exists ____ the story does anything with it. · 在故事对它有任何作为 ____,这种期待就已经存在。
The reader arrives at each page already predicting. · 读者到达每一页时都已在预测。
Met, delayed, or refused
- An expectation can be met, and the story reads as confirmation.
- It can be delayed, and the delay itself becomes the tension.
- It can be refused, and the refusal is a statement about the pattern the reader brought.
满足、推迟,还是拒绝
- 期待可以被满足,于是故事读起来像是确认。
- 它可以被推迟,而这一推迟本身成了张力。
- 它可以被拒绝,而这一拒绝是对读者所带来之模式的一种表态。
Put the pattern pass in order. · 把模式检查排序。
Writing the prediction down is what makes the gap measurable. · 把预测写下来,正是让那道落差可以被度量的办法。
A pattern pass
- Halfway through, write down what you expect to happen. Do not name the pattern.
- At the end, compare: met, delayed or refused?
- The gap between your prediction and the ending is the analysable thing.
模式检查
- 读到一半时,写下你预期会发生什么。不要给这个模式命名。
- 读完后作比较:是满足、推迟,还是拒绝?
- 你的预测与结局之间的落差,才是可供分析的东西。
A soldier comes home after years away. Every reader expects a recognition scene. The story gives him three days in the house before anyone asks where he has been — and the delay, not the pattern's name, is what the essay is about.
一名士兵在多年之后回家。每位读者都预期会有一场相认的戏。这个故事让他在屋里待了三天,才有人问他去过哪里——而文章要写的是那推迟,不是这个模式的名字。
Common patterns in dramatic situations are archetypes, and they create expectations about how a situation will progress and be resolved. The CED states you are not expected to identify or label them — write about the expectation and whether the story meets, delays or refuses it.
戏剧情境中的常见模式即原型,它们对情境将如何推进和收束制造期待。CED 明确你不需要指认或标注它们——要写的是那种期待,以及故事对它是满足、推迟还是拒绝。