What a Setting Does · 环境的作用
Now the function, not the identification
- Units 1 and 3 asked what setting is and which details convey it.
- This objective asks you to explain the function of setting in a narrative.
- The CED gives one function explicitly: a setting may help establish the mood and atmosphere.
Rain may set a mood; if it traps everyone indoors, it has also joined the plot.
现在问功能,而不是指认
- 第一与第三单元问的是背景是什么,以及哪些细节传达了它。
- 本目标要求你解释背景在叙事中的功能。
- CED 明确给出了一项功能:背景可以帮助确立情绪与气氛。
雨能营造气氛；如果它还把所有人困在屋里，就已经加入情节了。
The CED names which function of setting explicitly? · CED明确指出了环境的哪一项功能？
Mood and atmosphere are effects of setting — which is their proper place. · 情绪和氛围是环境 产生 的效果——这是它们的恰当位置。
Mood and atmosphere are effects
- This is where the words excluded from the definition come back — as effects, which is their proper place.
- Mood is what the reader is made to feel; atmosphere is the quality of the world the reader is put into.
- Both are produced by concrete details, and an analysis has to point at those details.
情绪与气氛是效果
- 那些被排除在定义之外的词,在这里作为效果回来了——那才是它们恰当的位置。
- 情绪是读者被引导去感受的东西;气氛是读者被置入其中的那个世界的质地。
- 两者都由具体细节产生,而分析必须指出那些细节。
Match each term to what it names. · 将每个术语与其命名的内容匹配。
The first two are effects; only the third is the definition. · 前两者是效果；只有第三个才是定义。
From detail to effect, always in that direction
- Weak: the setting creates a tense atmosphere. Strong: the unlit stair and the door left ajar produce it.
- The effect without its cause is an assertion; the cause without the effect is a list.
- Every setting-function sentence needs both halves.
从细节到效果,方向永远如此
- 薄弱:*背景营造出紧张的气氛。*有力:未点灯的楼梯与虚掩的门产生了它。
- 只有效果没有原因是断言;只有原因没有效果是罗列。
- 每一句关于背景功能的话,都需要这两半。
Detail, effect, or a complete sentence? · 细节、效果，还是完整的句子？
Sort each fragment by what it supplies. · 根据每个片段提供的功能对其分类。
A setting-function sentence must move from ____ to effect. · 环境功能句必须从 ____ 过渡到效果。
The effect without its cause is an assertion the reader cannot check. · 仅有效果而无原因，就是一个读者无法验证的断言。
An effect asserted without its cause earns nothing. "The setting creates a tense atmosphere" is a conclusion the reader cannot check. Point at the unlit stair, the door left ajar, the clock that is still going — then the atmosphere is evidence rather than opinion.
只断言效果而不给出原因,得不到分。"背景营造出紧张的气氛"是读者无法核查的结论。指出那道未点灯的楼梯、那扇虚掩的门、那只仍在走的钟——这样气氛才是证据,而不是意见。
A setting's function can change during a story without any detail changing. · 环境的功能可以在故事中发生变化，而无需任何细节改变。
The same house can be shelter in one scene and confinement in the next. · 同一个房子在一个场景中是庇护所，在下一个场景中却是禁锢之所。
Settings can change function mid-story
- The same house can be shelter in one scene and confinement in the next.
- Nothing about the house changed; the narrative changed around it.
- A shift in what a setting does is often where a short story turns.
背景可以在故事中途改变功能
- 同一座房子,可以在一场戏里是庇护,在下一场里是禁锢。
- 房子本身什么也没变;是围绕它的叙事变了。
- 背景所起作用的转变,往往正是短篇小说的转折之处。
Select all · 所有 the steps of the setting-function pass. · 选择 所有 环境功能分析的步骤。
Weather is a detail, not a step. · 天气是一个细节，而非一个步骤。
A setting-function pass
- List the concrete details. Name the mood or atmosphere they produce.
- Write one sentence containing both, in that order.
- Then check whether the same setting does something different later.
背景功能检查
- 列出那些具体细节。说出它们产生的情绪或气氛。
- 写一句同时包含这两者的话,并按这个顺序。
- 然后检查同一背景在后面是否做了不同的事。
The kitchen is warm, full, and the only room with a lock. In the first half those three details make it shelter. After the argument, the same three make it confinement — and the story never adds a detail to accomplish the turn.
厨房温暖、满当,而且是唯一一间带锁的屋子。在前半部分,这三处细节使它成为庇护。争吵之后,同样这三处使它成为禁锢——而这个故事没有为完成这一转折添加任何细节。
This subtopic asks for function, not identification: a setting may help establish the mood and atmosphere. Move from detail to effect in that order — an asserted effect cannot be checked. And a setting's function can change mid-story without any detail changing.
本小节要的是功能,不是指认:背景可以帮助确立情绪与气氛。要按从细节到效果的顺序推进——被断言的效果无法核查。而且背景的功能可以在故事中途改变,却没有任何细节发生变化。